中国生态农业学报（中英文）2025，Vol.33Issue(4)：769-782,14.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20240560
土壤污染根际修复研究进展
Research progress on rhizosphere remediation of soil pollution
摘要
Abstract
Soil pollution poses notable challenges to the ecological safety of agricultural land and human health.In recent years,rhizosphere remediation has emerged as a promising bioremediation technology characterized by its green,safe,and environmentally friendly nature.The unique biochemical and microbiological properties of the rhizosphere indicate that rhizosphere remediation has considerable potential for the remediation of soil pollution.This article offers a comprehensive review of the latest research trends and current applications of rhizosphere remediation technologies in the field of soil pollution mitigation.Rhizoremediation mechanisms have been discussed from three distinct perspectives:root exudates,iron plaques on root surfaces,and rhizosphere microorganisms.The root system can adsorb,fix,degrade,and transform pollutants by releasing root exudates and forming iron plaque,making it an indispensable natural driving force in the process of soil pollution remediation.Root exudates promote the remediation of contamin-ated soil by altering the physicochemical properties of the soil,regulating the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities,and promoting plant growth.The unique structural characteristics of iron plaques on the root surfaces can enhance the absorption of nutri-ents by plants,improve plant stress resistance,and influence pollutant transformation and transport.Rhizosphere microorganisms,as the core of fundamental remediation,can promote the degradation,transformation,and fixation of pollutants through their physiolo-gical and biochemical effects.They also reduce the bioavailability of pollutants and alleviate plant stress by secreting active sub-stances.To understand the mechanism of rhizosphere remediation more comprehensively,the response mechanisms of rhizosphere microorganisms to pollution and the factors influencing these responses were analyzed.Depending on the nature of the pollutants,the abundance of tolerant and degrading microbial strains increases,leading to the formation of unique microbial community structures that cope with polluted environments.Additionally,different plant species,genotypes,and root ecological niches can influence the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities as well as the absorption and accumulation of pollutants.It has been proposed that the rhizosphere effect can be enhanced by the introduction of exogenous substances,modification of plant cultivation patterns,and the application of electric fields,thereby improving the effectiveness of soil pollution remediation.To accurately evaluate the level of soil pollution and remediation effects,reveal the molecular biological processes involved,and achieve precise remediation,future re-search should focus more on the construction of a root exudate indicator system under contaminated conditions,an in-depth explora-tion of the micromechanisms of rhizosphere remediation,and the combination with emerging technologies,such as machine learning and big data.This article provides a valuable reference and insight for research on soil pollution remediation technologies through a detailed review of the existing studies in this field.关键词
根际修复/土壤污染/根系分泌物/根际微生物/根系生态位Key words
rhizosphere remediation/soil pollution/root exudate/rhizosphere microorganism/root niche分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
周可欣,王小瑞,米世灿,蔺满凤,刘梦琦,赵博,陈芳..土壤污染根际修复研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报（中英文）,2025,33(4):769-782,14.基金项目
河北省自然科学基金项目(D2019501004)、河北省重点研发计划项目(19224204D)和河北省高等教育学会"十四五"规划重点课题(GJXHZ2024-32)资助 This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(D2019501004),the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(19224204D),and the Key Project of the 14th Five Year Plan of Hebei Higher Education Association(GJXHZ2024-32). （D2019501004）
