石油勘探与开发2025，Vol.52Issue(2)：334-346,13.DOI:10.11698/PED.20240678
深层—超深层碳酸盐岩储层可视化模拟实验与孔隙演化机理
Visualization simulation experiments and porosity evolution mechanisms of deep to ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs
摘要
Abstract
To address the challenges in studying the pore formation and evolution processes,and unclear preservation mechanisms of deep to ultra-deep carbonate rocks,a high-temperature and high-pressure visualization simulation experimental device was developed for ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs.Carbonate rock samples from the Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin were used to simulate the dissolution-precipitation process of deep to ultra-deep carbonate in an analogous geological setting.This unit comprises four core modules:an ultra-high temperature,high pressure triaxial stress core holder module(temperature higher than 300 ℃,pressure higher than 150 MPa),a multi-stage continuous flow module with temperature-pressure regulation,an ultra-high temperature-pressure sapphire window cell and an in-situ high-temperature-pressure fluid property measurement module and real-time ultra-high temperature-pressure permeability detection module.The experimental device was used for simulation experiment,and the geological insights were obtained in three aspects.First,the pore-throat structure of carbonate reservoirs is controlled by lithology and initial pore-throat structure,and fluid type,concentration and dissolution duration determine the degree of dissolution.The dissolution process exhibits two evolution patterns.The dissolution scale is positively correlated to the temperature and pressure,and the pore-forming peak period aligns well with the hydrocarbon generation peak period.Second,the dissolution potential of dolomite in an open flow system is greater than that of limestone,and secondary dissolved pores formed continuously are controlled by the type and concentration of acidic fluids and the initial physical properties.These pores predominantly distribute along pre-existing pore/fracture zones.Third,in a nearly closed diagenetic system,after the chemical reaction between acidic fluids and carbonate rock reaches saturation and dynamic equilibrium,the pore structure no longer changes,keeping pre-existing pores well-preserved.These findings have important guiding significance for the evaluation of pore-throat structure and development potential of deep to ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs,and the prediction of main controlling factors and distribution of high-quality carbonate reservoirs.关键词
深层—超深层/碳酸盐岩储层/模拟实验装置/孔喉结构/孔隙发育/分布规律/孔隙保持/塔里木盆地/四川盆地Key words
deep to ultra-deep/carbonate reservoir/simulation experimental device/pore-throat structure/pore development/pore distribution/pore preservation/Tarim Basin/Sichuan Basin分类
石油、天然气工程引用本文复制引用
胡安平,佘敏,沈安江,乔占峰,李文正,杜秋定,袁长剑..深层—超深层碳酸盐岩储层可视化模拟实验与孔隙演化机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2025,52(2):334-346,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金"超深层碳酸盐岩孔隙形成与保持机理"(U23B20154) （U23B20154）
国家自然科学基金面上项目"走滑断裂控制的深部流体成岩改造机理研究——以塔里木盆地富满地区奥陶系为例"(42372169) （42372169）
