生态学报2025，Vol.45Issue(7)：3520-3533,14.DOI:10.20103/j.stxb.202406241460
经历捕食胁迫后鲫对化学预警信息的行为响应特征
The effects of predation stress and chemical pheromones on individual and collective behavior of crucian carp
摘要
Abstract
External cues such as Chemical alarm cues(CAC)have been shown to have a profound impact on individual behavioral responses of fish,yet the impact of such cues on collective fish behavior has received scant attention.Due to the presence of predators in the habitat,fish are at great risk of predation,and predation stress has been proven to change the behavioral response of fish at the individual level,thus affecting the group cohesion and coordination of fish.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of predation stress and chemical pheromones on individual and cluster behavior of juvenile caucian carp(Carassius auratus).The study measured the individual and cluster behavioral responses of juvenile crucian carp to four chemical pheromones(e.g.,water,food,CAC,and predator information)under different predation stress intensities(predator-free and predator-present).Our results showed that:(1)In the predator-free stress treatment group(control group),the introduction of water and food pheromones significantly decreased individual swimming speed and activity duration,whereas predator pheromones significantly increased these parameters;following the introduction of all four chemical pheromones,individual rest time notably increased.(2)In this control treatment,the individual swimming speed and group movement speed of fish were significantly reduced by addition of water and food pheromones.The injection of CAC and predator pheromones resulted in an increase in group movement speed,while the injection of CAC resulted in a decrease in individual swimming speed synchronization and group polarity.(3)In the predator stress treatment group(experimental group),the addition of CAC and predator pheromone significantly increased the group movement speed and group movement time ratio,while the addition of food pheromone and CAC increased the distance between individuals and the nearest neighbor distance of fish.The addition of water and food pheromones decreased the synchronicity of speed,while the addition of predator pheromones decreased the synchronicity of speed and group polarization.Our results suggested that at the individual level,predation stress decreased the behavioral response to chemical pheromones,and at the population level,predation stress and chemical pheromones both decreased the group cohesion and group coordination of crucian carp.Crucian carp exhibited heightened sensitivity to chemical pheromones under predation stress as opposed to non-predator stress conditions,and the group formation of fish under predator stress displayed increased disorder and dispersion in their movement.关键词
鲫/化学预警信息/捕食胁迫/个体行为/集群行为Key words
Carassius auratus/chemical alarm cues/predatory stress/individual behaviour/group behaviour引用本文复制引用
曹冰,曾令清..经历捕食胁迫后鲫对化学预警信息的行为响应特征[J].生态学报,2025,45(7):3520-3533,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年项目(31300341) （31300341）
重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0124) （cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0124）
重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN201900540,KJQN202000539) （KJQN201900540,KJQN202000539）
