水生生物学报2025，Vol.49Issue(5)：27-39,13.DOI:10.7541/2025.2024.0304
不同岸线植物和仔稚鱼群落特征及其与江豚分布的关系:以长江安庆段为例
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT AND JUVENILE FISH COMMUNITIES ALONG DIFFERENT SHORELINES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE DISTRI-BUTION OF FINLESS PORPOISES:A CASE STUDY OF THE ANQING SECTION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER
摘要
Abstract
The Yangtze finless porpoise is found exclusively in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and two large river-connected lakes-Poyang and Dongting Lakes.With a considerable stretch of the natural riverbank along the Yangtze main stem replaced by artificial structures and the depletion of fish stocks,prey availability,habitat loss,and fragmentation have become the most important factors affecting the survival of the finless porpoise.To explore the structural characteristics of plant communities and juvenile fish along different shorelines and their potential relation-ship with the distribution of finless porpoises,we selected 15 typical sections in the Anqing section of the Yangtze River to investigate plant and juvenile fish communities.Simultaneously,three visual surveys were conducted to record the abundance and distribution patterns of the finless porpoise,along with the types ofshorelines.The results showed that:(1)A total of 126,106,and 89 species of vascular plants were collected from the natural,rock,and prefabricated masonry shorelines,respectively,with herbaceous plants being the main life form and Asteraceae,Poaceae,and Cypera-ceae as the dominant families.The Ward's minimum variance method was used to classify plant communities of the three shorelines into four,four,and five community types,respectively.The most frequent plant associations were Ass.Leonurus japonicus+Cynodon dactylon+Phragmites australis on natural shorelines,Ass.Xanthium strumarium+Hemarthria sibirica+Panicum bisulcatum on rock shorelines,and Ass.Ipomoea triloba+Xanthium strumarium+Erigeron canadensis on prefabricated masonry shorelines,respectively.(2)A total of 130005 juvenile were collected and identified,belonging to 14 genera,7 families,and 6 orders.Among them,15,12,and 13 species were collected from natural,rock,and prefabricated shoreline waters,respectively.The six common dominant species across the three shoreline types were Hemiculter leucisculus,Carassius auratus,Cyprinus carpio,Neosalanx tangkahkeii,Protosalanx hyalocranius,and Hyporhamphus intermedius.The endemic dominant species in the rock and the prefabricated shore-line waters was Rhinogobius giurinus.ANOVA indicated that the total number of individual and upper fish species were significantly higher in natural shoreline waters than that in the other shoreline waters.(3)A total of 135 porpoises were sighted during the three surveys,with an average of(45.00±8.66)individuals per survey.Our observations revealed that porpoises in the Anqing section of the Yangtze River exhibit a continuous distribution,with distinct areas of concentrated distribution.However,finless porpoises displayed a noticeable preference for natural shoreline waters.(4)Correlation analyses of plant communities,juvenile fish communities,and finless porpoise distribution showed significant positive correlation(P＜0.05)between vegetation cover and juvenile fish species richness,as well as between juvenile fish species richness,the number of small fish,and the distribution of the finless porpoise.(P＜0.05).Therefore,we concluded that high vegetation cover,plant species diversity,and the abundance of upper fish in confluence areas are key factors supporting the habitat of the finless porpoise.关键词
岸线/植物群落/栖息地碎片化/仔稚鱼/中上层鱼类/长江江豚Key words
Shoreline/Plant community/Habitat fragmentation/Larval and juvenile fish/Upper fish/Yangtze finless porpoise分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
罗来开,谈凯,伍佳楠,朱玲,薛立勋,肖晶晶,章伟,赵凯..不同岸线植物和仔稚鱼群落特征及其与江豚分布的关系:以长江安庆段为例[J].水生生物学报,2025,49(5):27-39,13.基金项目
安庆江豚省级自然保护区能力建设项目——生物多样性本底调查(CG-AQ-2022-276 FS34080120220280) （CG-AQ-2022-276 FS34080120220280）
长江安徽段鱼类重要栖息地调查课题项目(230133) （230133）
2023年度安徽省科研编制计划(2023AH010041)资助[Supported by Capacity Building Project of Anqing Finless Porpoise Provincial Nature Reserve-Biodiversity Background Survey(CG-AQ-2022-276 FS34080120220280) （2023AH010041）
the Fish Important Habitat Survey of Anhui Section of the Yangtze River(230133) （230133）
the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(2023AH010041)] （2023AH010041）
