水生生物学报2025，Vol.49Issue(5)：40-52,13.DOI:10.7541/2025.2024.0337
基于Ecopath模型的长江石首段生态系统特征分析及长江江豚环境容纳量评估
ECOSYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS IN SHISHOU SECTION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER AND ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY EVALUATION OF THE YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE BASED ON THE ECOPATH MODEL
摘要
Abstract
The Shishou section of the Yangtze River has long been an important habitat for the Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)and was designated as a national freshwater dolphin nature reserve in 1992.In recent years,efforts to protect the Yangtze River ecosystem have led to a noticeable recovery of aquatic biological resources across the Yangtze Basin.Recent survey results show a significant increase in the population of the Yangtze fmless porpoise,with predictions suggesting a forthcoming period of stable growth.As a key protected area for this species,accurately understanding the ecosystem status and porpoise population dynamics in the Shishou section will provide more comprehensive and scientific management measures for the continued growth.This study constructed an Ecopath model of energy flow in the Shishou section to assess the environmental capacity for the Yangtze finless porpoise.The results indicate that the effective trophic level range from 1.000 to 3.153,with the Yangtze finless porpoise at the highest trophic level,followed by the Culter mongolicus functional group.The energy flow in the food web mainly occurs through three pathways:two grazing food chains and one detrital food chain,forming a pyramid structure but with a low total transfer efficiency of only 2.63％.Indicators of ecosystem maturity and stability suggest that the Shishou section ecosystem remains in an immature state and requires further stability improvement.According to the model's energy flow balance principle,the environmental capacity for the Yangtze finless porpoise in the Shishou section is estimated at 0.055 t/km2,equivalent to about 107 individuals.Further model simulations predict that with an increase in porpoise biomass,the overall ecosystem scale and maturity will slightly increase,while stability will remain relatively stable.Appropriate increases in plankton-feeding and herbivorous fish could significantly enhance the environmental capacity for the Yangtze finless porpoise and improve ecosystem conditions.The results of this study provide important reference for the development of protection strategies for the Yangtze finless porpoise in the Shishou section and offer baseline data for evaluating the effectiveness of the"Ten-Year Fishing Ban".关键词
长江石首段/Ecopath模型/生态系统特征/长江江豚/环境容纳量Key words
Shishou section of Yangtze River/Ecopath model/Ecosystem characteristics/Yangtze finless porpoise/Environmental capacity分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
唐斌,郝玉江,王克雄,王丁,龚成,王睿龙,周昊杰,陈宇维,毛峻峰,高文娟,张婷玉,梅志刚..基于Ecopath模型的长江石首段生态系统特征分析及长江江豚环境容纳量评估[J].水生生物学报,2025,49(5):40-52,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1301604) （2022YFF1301604）
中华环境保护基金会美团外卖青山公益专项基金青山公益自然守护行动资助[Supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China(2022YFF1301604) （2022YFF1301604）
"Lush Mountain Public Welfare Protection Action"of the Meituan Takeout Lush Mountain Public Welfare Special Fund,China Environmental Protection Founda-tion] （）
