中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(8)：1494-1507,14.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.003
中国粒用杂交高粱的绿色革命
The Green Revolution of Chinese Grain Hybrid Sorghum
摘要
Abstract
Sorghum is the main food crop in arid and semi-arid regions of the world,which is of great significance to food security,marginal land use and dietary structure in arid and semi-arid regions.Since the first generation of grain hybrid sorghum was introduced in China in 1958,in order to adapt to mechanized harvesting and reduce labor costs,the plant height of cultivated hybrid sorghum has experienced the change process of high stalk,middle stalk,middle dwarf and dwarf.the green revolution of Chinese grain hybrid sorghum has been completed in the past two decades.This paper summarizes the reasons,history and current situation of grain sorghum dwarfing breeding in China.It shows the trend of decreasing plant height and increasing yield of sorghum varieties in China in the past 60 years.The important germplasms created in the process of green revolution of grain sorghum in China were listed.Through the analysis of genetic relationship,it was found that the dwarf source of restorer line in China came from Chinese local variety Sanchisan,and the dwarf source was traced back to Tx3197B due to the utilization of foreign germplasm Tx3197 A,Tx3197 B.The cloning,variation sites,dwarfing mechanism of sorghum dwarf genes dw1,dw2 and dw3,which play an important role in the green revolution of sorghum,and the contributions of predecessors in exploring new plant height QTLs were reviewed.The dwarfing mechanism of sorghum was different from that of gibberellin regulation system(GA)in rice and wheat.dw1 reduced plant height by regulating the brassinosteroid system(BR)to shorten the length of internodes.dw2 and dw3 encode KIPK protein kinase and auxin efflux transporter(ABCB1),respectively,which regulate the transport of auxin(IAA)to shorten the length of internodes and reduce plant height.The dwarfing genes of dw1,dw2 and dw3 had multiple effects on maturity,spike length,spike grain weight,leaf area while reducing plant height.The distribution and application of dw1,dw2 and dw3 dwarf genes in backbone sterile lines and restorer lines were analyzed by molecular markers and sequencing techniques.It was found that the dwarf genes used more in sorghum restorer lines in China were only dw3,and the combination of dw1dw3 and dw2dw3 formed by dw1,dw2 and dw3 was more widely used in sterile lines.The problems and solutions of sorghum green revolution in China were discussed.It is expected to provide guidance for further improving the process of sorghum green revolution in China and cultivating new germplasm and new varieties with major breakthroughs in yield and stress resistance.关键词
高粱/株高/矮秆/矮化种质/矮化基因/QTLKey words
sorghum/plant height/dwarfism/dwarf germplasm/dwarf genes/QTLs引用本文复制引用
陈冰嬬,陆晓春,王鼐,刁现民,唐玉劼,张丽霞,周宇飞,于淼,石贵山,王新鼎,李扬,高士杰..中国粒用杂交高粱的绿色革命[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(8):1494-1507,14.基金项目
吉林省科技发展计划(20210202116NC)、农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06) （20210202116NC）
