中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(8)：1508-1520,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.004
短期减施氮肥对华南地区早晚兼用型水稻产量和稻米品质的影响
Effects of a Short-Term Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on the Grain Yield and Rice Quality of Early and Late-Season Dual-Use Rice in South China
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Optimal reduction of nitrogen(N)fertilizer application is a sustainable management strategy in rice production.The effects of lowering N fertilizer input on grain yield and rice quality of early and late-season dual-use rice in South China were investigated,which could provide a theoretical basis for high-quality and high-yield cultivation and nitrogen management of the'Simiao Rice'.[Method]A two-year in-situ field trial was carried out at the Dafeng Experimental Base of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2022 to 2023,two early and late-season dual-use'Simiao Rice'(19Xiang and Nanjingxiangzhan)were used as test cultivars,and a two-factor split-plot experimental design was adopted.The main plots were a 20%reduced N fertilizer application rate treatment(RN)and the conventional N fertilizer application rate treatment(CN).The split plots were rice varieties,to analyze the changing characteristics of early and late-season dual-use rice yield and quality under RN conditions.[Result]Compared with CN,RN did not change the grain yield in the late season,but significantly decreased the grain yield in the early season by an average of 11.7%in the two years.The decrease in grain yield under RN conditions was related to the decline in total spikelet.In the early season,RN did not affect milled rice rate,chalky grain rate,and chalkiness,but significantly reduced head rice rate by an average of 3.30%in the two years.RN had no effect on the hardness of cooked rice in the early season,but significantly reduced its protein content,stickiness and taste value of cooked rice,with an average reduction of 0.61%,12.80%and 2.80%,respectively,and significantly increased its amylose content by an average of 1.23%.RN did not influence the milled rice rate,head rice rate,chalky grain rate,chalkiness,amylose and protein content,and the hardness,stickiness,and taste value of cooked rice in the late season.In addition,the relevant analysis showed that the decrease in head rice rate of RN treatment in the early season might be related to the decrease in protein content,while the decrease in stickiness and taste value was related to the increase in amylose content.[Conclusion]RN decreased the grain yield,milling quality,and eating quality in the early season,while did not alter the appearance quality in the early season,the grain yield,milling quality,appearance quality,and eating quality in the late season.Therefore,in the production of early and late-season dual-use rice,it was necessary to ensure an adequate N supply in the early season to maintain grain yield and rice quality,while reducing N fertilizer by 20%in the late season could still achieve stable and high-quality rice production under current N fertilizer application levels.关键词
早晚兼用型水稻/'丝苗米'/氮肥/产量/稻米品质Key words
early and late-season dual-use rice/'Simiao Rice'/nitrogen fertilizer/grain yield/rice quality引用本文复制引用
刘劲松,伍龙梅,包晓哲,刘志霞,张彬,杨陶陶..短期减施氮肥对华南地区早晚兼用型水稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(8):1508-1520,13.基金项目
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515011279)、广东省农业科学院人才培养计划(R2023PY-QF001)、广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0807) （2022A1515011279）
