作物学报2025，Vol.51Issue(5)：1312-1325,14.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41056
补灌对黄土高原半湿润区冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响
Effect of supplementary irrigation on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in semi humid areas of the Loess Plateau
摘要
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize supplementary irrigation strategies to improve winter wheat yield and water use effi-ciency(WUE)in the semi-humid region of the Loess Plateau.During the 2021-2023 winter wheat growing seasons,experiments were conducted at three representative sites:Yangling,Qianxian,and Heyang.Five supplementary irrigation treatments were im-plemented:no irrigation during the growing season(W0),irrigation at the overwintering stage(W1),irrigation at the jointing stage(W2),irrigation at the overwintering+jointing stages(W3),and irrigation at the jointing+flowering stages(W4).The goal of each irrigation treatment was to restore soil moisture in the 0-20 cm layer to 100%of its relative field capacity.The study ex-plored the effects of irrigation timing and stages on winter wheat water consumption,yield,and WUE.The results showed that precipitation during the winter wheat growing season varied significantly between years,but total water consumption remained relatively stable,with soil water playing a crucial role in regulating seasonal water use.Soil moisture conditions at the sowing stage influenced the effectiveness of supplementary irrigation in improving yield and WUE.Optimal water consumption for achieving high yield and WUE was determined to be 336.3 mm,393.8 mm,440.7 mm,and 519.1 mm from sowing to overwin-tering,jointing,flowering,and maturity,respectively.Across all experimental sites,water consumption primarily consisted of soil water and precipitation,with irrigation contributing less than 20%of total water use.Supplementary irrigation at the jointing stage demonstrated a more consistent and significant yield increase across the three sites over the two years.High yields(9888.5-10,697.0 kg hm-2 in the first year and 9015.4-9756.9 kg hm-2 in the second year)and high WUE(21.2-23.9 kg hm-2 mm-1 in the first year and 20.9-21.1 kg hm-2 mm-1 in the second year)were achieved at Yangling and Qianxian.At Heyang,where annual precipitation was 465.3 mm and growing season precipitation ranged from 114.8-194.7 mm,the optimal treatment was irrigation at the jointing+flowering stages.In conclusion,in areas of the Loess Plateau with annual precipitation of 465.3-635.1 mm,supplementary irri-gation at the jointing stage is generally sufficient to achieve high yield and WUE,with one irrigation event often being adequate.In regions with lower annual precipitation(465.3 mm)and limited growing season precipitation(114.8-194.7 mm),the combina-tion of irrigation at the jointing+flowering stages is recommended to achieve optimal yield and WUE.关键词
黄土高原/冬小麦/补灌/籽粒产量/水分利用效率Key words
Loess Plateau/winter wheat/supplementary irrigation/grain yield/water use efficiency引用本文复制引用
王东,王森,尚丽,冯浩伟,张永巧,崔佳鸣,李爽,章佳聪,车欢..补灌对黄土高原半湿润区冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2025,51(5):1312-1325,14.基金项目
本研究由陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLNY-01)资助. This study was supported by the Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province(2023-ZDLNY-01). （2023-ZDLNY-01）
