作物学报2025，Vol.51Issue(5)：1363-1377,15.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42043
无人化旱直播水稻产量形成特征及其能量与经济效益研究
Study on yield formation characteristics,energy and economic benefits of unmanned dry direct-seeding rice
摘要
Abstract
This study investigated the yield formation characteristics of unmanned dry direct-seeding rice(UDS),analyzed key cultivation techniques for stable yield production,and provided theoretical foundations and technical support for the large-scale application of this technology.From 2021 to 2023,a high-yield cultivation experiment was conducted in representative rice-wheat double-cropping areas of Jiangsu Province,using Nanjing 5718 as the test material and unmanned carpet seedling machine trans-planting(UMT)as the control.The study assessed growth period characteristics,tillering dynamics,photosynthetic matter pro-duction,yield performance,energy input,and economic benefits.The results showed that the full growth period of UDS in dif-ferent ecological regions was shortened by 12-19 days compared to UMT,with the effective accumulated temperature in whole growth period decreasing by 226.1-329.3℃.Compared to UMT,UDS increased the proportion of main stem spikes,leveraging the growth advantage of the main stem to enhance the leaf area index during the jointing and heading stages.This improvement boosted the population growth rate and net assimilation rate from sowing to jointing,as well as the photosynthetic potential from jointing to heading.However,UDS exhibited a lower productive tiller percentage and total spikelet number,along with reduced dry matter accumulation,which were significant factors contributing to yield loss,resulting in a 5.4%-5.9%average yield reduc-tion.From the perspective of energy input and economic benefits,UDS demonstrated higher mechanization efficiency.Mechani-cal energy input during the tillage and sowing phase was reduced by 43.8%,energy resource input decreased by 27.8%,and over-all energy input was reduced by 5.8%.Additionally,UDS lowered rice production costs by 11.8%and increased economic bene-fits by 3.4%.To further enhance UDS yields,production practices should focus on optimizing cultivation quality by regulating the emergence of advantageous tillers and ensuring their final heading to achieve robust main stems and sufficient panicles.Moreover,efforts should be directed toward increasing growth during the mid-growth stages to promote dry matter accumulation during later stages,enhancing spike biomass,and ensuring adequate grain-filling materials under a large population capacity.These improve-ments are critical for achieving higher yields in UDS systems.关键词
水稻/无人化旱直播/生育特征/产量/能量投入/经济效益Key words
rice/unmanned dry direct-seeding/growth characteristics/grain yield/energy input/economic benefit引用本文复制引用
翁文安,高辉,张洪程,邢志鹏,胡群,魏海燕,廖萍,朱海滨,瞿济伟,李秀丽,刘桂云..无人化旱直播水稻产量形成特征及其能量与经济效益研究[J].作物学报,2025,51(5):1363-1377,15.基金项目
本研究由江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2022338),江苏省水稻产业技术体系项目(JATS[2023]443)和江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX23_3574)资助. This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022338),the Jiangsu Technical System of Rice Industry(JATS[2023]443),and the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_3574). （BE2022338）
