作物学报2025，Vol.51Issue(5)：1215-1229,15.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44129
油菜和小麦响应盐碱胁迫的生理特性比较
Comparison of physiological characteristics of salt and alkali tolerance between rapeseed and wheat
摘要
Abstract
Utilizing the crops which can produce economic benefits to improve the saline-alkali land is an important mean to ex-pand potential resource of farming land in China.Different plants respond differently to saline-alkali stress and have different mechanisms of saline-alkali stress resistance.Identifying the physiological characteristics responding to salt and alkali stress of rapeseed and wheat,can provide theoretical foundations for using rapeseed and wheat as forage and enlarging the application potential of rapeseed and wheat in the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land.In this study,saline-alkali soils from Jilin province were used for pot experiments;normal soils in Wuhan were used as CK and saline-alkali soils from Jilin with the final salt concentration of 0.2%and 0.4%,respectively,which were prepared in proportion to normal soils from Wuhan.One sa-line-alkali tolerant and one sensitive variety of rapeseed and wheat were selected,respectively,as research materials.We system-atically compared the different salt-alkali tolerance mechanisms of rapeseed and wheat at the germination stage by measuring and analyzing growth indicators,osmotic regulation,ion balance,antioxidant enzymes,H2O2,O2܋ and other indicators.The results showed that:(1)Under saline-alkali stress,in petiole,Na+content was highest among petiole,leaf,stem and root,up to 88.40 mg g-1.However,in wheat,Na+concentration in root was the highest,up to 33.45 mg g-1.Na+accumulation in all parts of rapeseed was higher than that of wheat,and under the same treatment,especially,the Na+accumulation in leaves was 2-8 times higher than that of wheat.(2)The decrease of K+and the ratio of K+/Na+of salt-tolerant rapeseed and wheat were higher than those of salt-sensitive varieties,while the rate of increase of Na+concentration was lower than that of salt-sensitive varieties.The inhibi-tion effect of Na+depressing K+uptake in the aboveground part of rapeseed is significant higher than those in the root,while it is opposite in wheat.(3)Under saline-alkali stress,the sugar content,antioxidant enzyme activity and O2܋ scavenging ability in saline-alkali tolerant rapeseed and wheat were higher than those in the sensitive varieties.The content of H2O2 and O2܋ increased by the increasing of salt concentration in the soil,while the tolerant variety showed a smaller increase than the sensitive one.The saline-alkali-tolerant rapeseed variety respond faster to the saline-alkali stress at the seedling stage,and the SOD,POD,and CAT activities in leaves and petioles can respond rapidly and increase gradually.While in the leaves of salt-tolerant wheat,the SOD and POD variety were the main antioxidant enzymes at the tillering stage,but POD and CAT in the leaves at the jointing stage were the main antioxidant enzymes,and with the advancement of the growth stage,the soluble sugar of the leaves and the scav-enging ability of O2܋ were significantly reduced.Rapeseed mainly distributed Na+into petioles and stems through"sodium storage",but wheat mainly reduced Na+absorption through"sodium rejection"and accumulated more Na+in the root system.And varieties with strong saline-alkali tolerance had better ability to maintain sodium and potassium ion homeostasis.Furthermore,the salt-alkali tolerance of rapeseed increased gradually with the advancement of growth period,while the salt-alkali tolerance of wheat decreased gradually with the advancement of growth period.关键词
油菜/小麦/盐碱胁迫/Na+含量/活性氧Key words
rapeseed/wheat/saline-alkali stress/Na+content/ROS引用本文复制引用
王佳婕,王晶,蒯婕,汪波,周广生,傅廷栋,王正楠,BATOOL Maria,王旺年,文静,任长忠,何峰,武优悠,徐正华..油菜和小麦响应盐碱胁迫的生理特性比较[J].作物学报,2025,51(5):1215-1229,15.基金项目
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500503)和湖北洪山实验室研究基金项目(2021HSZD004)资助. This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500503)and the Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Research Funding(2021HSZD004). （2022YFD1500503）
