作物学报2025，Vol.51Issue(5)：1286-1298,13.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44153
不同养分管理措施对稻田和旱地油菜产量的影响及其对冻害的响应
Effects of different nutrient management practices on oilseed rape yield and their response to freezing stress between upland and paddy-upland rotations
摘要
Abstract
Freezing stress during the bolting stage is one of the critical factors limiting the yield increase of winter oilseed rape.Optimizing nutrient management practices can effectively mitigate cold damage stress in oilseed rape.During the 2023/2024 growing season,the Yangtze River Basin in China experienced two rounds of cold waves,resulting in varying levels of reduc-tion in oilseed rape production.To investigate the effects of different nutrient management strategies on the growth of paddy oilseed rape(rice-oilseed rape rotation)and upland oilseed rape(maize-oilseed rape rotation),as well as their responses to freezing stress,a field experiment was conducted in Shayang county,Hubei province.The study incorporated meteorological data across two oilseed rape growing seasons(2022/2023 and 2023/2024).The main treatments were two planting patterns:paddy-grown oilseed rape in rice-oilseed rape rotation and upland oilseed rape in maize-oilseed rape rotation.The subplot treatments included no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilization(CF),optimized fertilization(NPK)and optimized fertiliza-tion+straw+organic fertilization(NPK+S+M).The analysis encompassed oilseed rape yield,yield components and shoot biomass,further revealing the differential response of oilseed rape to freezing stress across the two rotations.The results showed that in 2022/2023(control year),upland oilseed rape had higher yields than paddy oilseed rape.However,in 2023/2024(freezing stress year),paddy oilseed rape outperformed upland oilseed rape in terms of yield.Under CK,CF,NPK,and NPK+S+M treatments,the yield reduction rates caused by freezing stress were 74.9%,54.6%,61.1%and 68.1%in paddy fields,and 70.8%,71.7%,69.0%,71.6%in upland fields,respectively.Freezing stress had the greatest impact on the number of siliques per plant reducing it by an average of 28.3%in paddy fields and 29.7%in upland fields.Following this,the 1000-seed weight was affected,with an average reduction of 16.5%in paddy field and 38.8%in upland fields.Notably,after freezing stress,the contribution of 1000-seed weight to total yield increased.The response of shoot biomass to nutrient man-agement and freezing stress followed a similar trend to yield.Correlation analysis between oilseed rape yield and meteoro-logical factors revealed a significant positive correlation between mean maximum temperature and yield,and a significant negative correlation between yield and the number of days with temperatures≤0 day℃s,≤-3 day℃s and total precipitation.In conclusion,paddy-grown oilseed rape and upland oilseed rape exhibited different sensitivities to low-temperature stress,which were influenced by nutrient management practices.Paddy oilseed rape demonstrated superior freeze resistance com-pared to upland oilseed rape.Providing adequate nutrient supply,particularly under CF treatment,was found to be the most effective strategy for mitigating cold stress and improving yield.关键词
养分管理/水稻-油菜轮作/玉米-油菜轮作/冻害/油菜籽产量Key words
nutrient management/rice-oilseed rape rotation/maize-oilseed rape rotation/freezing stress/oilseed rape production引用本文复制引用
盛倩男,方娅婷,赵剑,杜思垚,胡行珍,余秋华,朱俊,任涛,鲁剑巍..不同养分管理措施对稻田和旱地油菜产量的影响及其对冻害的响应[J].作物学报,2025,51(5):1286-1298,13.基金项目
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目"长江中下游水旱轮作区中低产田障碍消减与产能提升综合模式与应用"(2023YFD1901100),湖北省现代农业产业技术体系油菜产业技术体系项目(2023HBSTX4-03)和财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)资助. This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China"Comprehensive Model and Application of Obstacle Reduction and Productivity Improvement of Low-yield Fields in the Water-dry Rotation Area of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River"(2023YFD1901100),the Hubei Province Agriculture Research System Rapeseed Research System(2023HBSTX4-03),and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12). （2023YFD1901100）
