表面技术2025，Vol.54Issue(9)：43-69,27.DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.09.004
油溶性离子液体添加剂的研究进展:从结构设计到工程应用
Research Progress of Oil Soluble Ionic Liquids as the Lubricant Additives:From Structure Design to Engineering Application
摘要
Abstract
Since ionic liquids,known for their outstanding physicochemical properties,tribological performance,and relatively low environmental toxicity,were first explored as lubricants in 2001,they have experienced significant advancements in the field of lubrication.Compared to ionic liquids used as neat lubricants,ionic liquid lubricant additives exhibit high efficiency in enhancing the tribological properties of base oils while reducing production costs,making them a practical alternative to conventional lubricant additives. Among the reported ionic liquids utilized as lubricant additives,quaternary phosphorus and ammonium salt ionic liquids have garnered considerable attention due to their excellent oil solubility and lubrication characteristics,which stems from their unique three-dimensional quaternary structures.To elucidate the research progress of oil soluble ionic liquids and inspire the design of more effective lubricant additives,the reported oil soluble quaternary phosphorus,quaternary ammonium salts,and multifunctional ionic liquids since the introduction of the first oil soluble ionic liquid in 2001 are summarized.The effects of the molecular structure of ionic liquids on their oil solubility,thermal stability,and tribological properties are discussed in detail.Furthermore,the lubricating performance differences between quaternary phosphorus and ammonium ionic liquids are investigated,and the traditional lubricant additive ZDDP under various operating conditions are reviewed.Examples evaluating the compatibility of quaternary phosphorus and ammonium salt ionic liquids with traditional additives such as ZDDP and organic molybdenum compounds are also included.These findings indicate that,in most cases,quaternary phosphorus ionic liquids demonstrate superior thermal stability,oil solubility,and lubrication properties compared to their corresponding ammonium salt counterparts.Protic ammonium salt ionic liquids exhibit improved onset decomposition temperature,friction,and wear reduction properties compared to aprotic ones.Additionally,the anion type of synthesized ionic liquids significantly affects their tribological behavior.When ionic liquids share the same cation,the effectiveness ranking for wear protection by anions is organophosphate>carboxylate>sulfonate.Conversely,ionic liquids with sulfonate anions display higher thermal stability than those based on organophosphates,while those with carboxylate anions show the lowest thermal stability. In addition to conventional quaternary phosphorus and ammonium ionic liquids,diverse multifunctional lubricant additives containing quaternary phosphorus and ammonium ionic liquid moieties have been developed to reduce the variety of employed lubricant additives and mitigate potential"antagonistic effects"among them.Generally,these additives not only exhibit excellent anti-friction and wear reduction properties but also demonstrate enhanced detergency,antioxidation,viscosity,or corrosion resistance.More importantly,the functional groups within multifunctional lubricant additives can work synergistically,leading to improved overall lubrication performance. Over the past decade,numerous exceptional oil soluble ionic liquid additives have been reported,benefiting from their tunable structures.Nevertheless,unresolved issues and challenges still remain,including the replacement of traditional lubricant additives,the development of more efficient lubricant systems,and conformity with lubrication requirements under varied and harsh operating conditions.By addressing these challenges and considering the research progress on ionic liquids,this review concludes by proposing a potential solution of developing oil soluble ionic liquid lubricant additives with multifunctional properties.关键词
油溶性/离子液体/润滑添加剂/减摩抗磨/多功能Key words
oil soluble/ionic liquid/lubricant additive/anti-friction and anti-wear/multifunctional分类
机械工程引用本文复制引用
陈强,秦建,刘骁,郭平霞,蔡美荣,周峰..油溶性离子液体添加剂的研究进展:从结构设计到工程应用[J].表面技术,2025,54(9):43-69,27.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52403019,U23A20623,U21A20280) （52403019,U23A20623,U21A20280）
中国载人航天工程空间利用系统(KJZ-YY-WCL02) （KJZ-YY-WCL02）
泰山学者计划 （）
山东省重点研发计划(SYS202203) （SYS202203）
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024ZD26,ZR2023QE319,ZR2023QB014) The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52403019,U23A20623,U21A20280) （ZR2024ZD26,ZR2023QE319,ZR2023QB014）
the Space Utilization System of China Manned Space Engineering(KJZ-YY-WCL02) （KJZ-YY-WCL02）
the Taishan Scholars Program （）
the Key Research and Development Program in Shandong Province(SYS202203) （SYS202203）
the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024ZD26,ZR2023QE319,ZR2023QB014) （ZR2024ZD26,ZR2023QE319,ZR2023QB014）
