环境与职业医学2025，Vol.42Issue(3)：270-277,8.DOI:10.11836/JEOM24313
飞机维修人员肌肉骨骼疾患检出情况及影响因素
Positive detection and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among aircraft maintenance workers
摘要
Abstract
[Background]The job content of aircraft maintenance workers is complex,with high intensity and high requirements,and they are prone to work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),but related research is relatively rare. [Objective]To investigate the positive rate of WMSDs among aircraft maintenance workers,evaluate ergonomic load,and analyze the risk factors of WMSDs. [Methods]We used a self-compiled questionnaire for WMSDs and the Quick Exposure Checklist(QEC)to investigate the basic situation,positive rate of WMSDs,and the ergonomic load of 2 271 male maintenance workers in 6 departments of an aircraft maintenance com-pany,including airline maintenance,overall overhaul,accessory/landing gear overhaul,engine overhaul,product customization,and power assist.We used a logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs in the neck,shoulder,hand/wrist,and lower back. [Results]The positive rate of WMSDs in the past 12 months was 70.4％(1598/2 271)and the positive rate of WMSDs in different body parts ranged from 6.6％to 49.5％,with the top three parts of lower back,neck,and knee,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate among different departments(P＜0.05).The average QEC scores for neck,hand/wrist,and back(static)were moderate,while those for shoulder and back(dynamic)were high,and the body part specific positive rate of WMSDs increased with the increase of ergonomic load level.Working years(5-＜10 years,≥20 years),working with back flexed or twisted or side bent(moderately,excessively),high maximum force level exerted by one hand,and feeling difficult(sometimes,often)and stressful(moder-ately,very)while working were associated with higher risks of lower back pain(OR=1.486,1.505;2.151,3.769;1.637;2.110,2.407;1.637,1.794;P＜0.05).Working years(15-＜20 years,≥20 years),working with head/neck bent or twisted(occasionally,continuously),feeling difficult(sometimes)and stressful(very)while working were associated with higher risks of neck pain(OR=1.731,1.586;3.732,8.341;1.633;1.696;P＜0.05).Working years(15-＜20 years,≥20 years),working with hands in a high position(at shoulder or above),very frequent shoulder/arm movements,feeling difficult(sometimes,often)and stressful(moderately,very)while working were associated with higher risks of shoulder pain(OR=1.587,1.709;1.299;1.521;1.643,2.239;1.659,1.977;P＜0.05).Working with wrist at deviated or bent angle,high repetition of similar movements,feeling difficult(sometimes,often)and stressful(moderately,very)while working were associated with higher risks of hand/wrist pain(OR=1.692;1.670;1.827,2.884;2.190,2.625;P＜0.05).Physical exercise after work(≥3 times·week-1)was associated with a lower risk of neck pain(OR=0.582,P＜0.05).Shift workers were at a lower risk of shoulder pain and hand/wrist pain(OR=0.737 and 0.554,P＜0.05). [Conclusion]The high positive rate of WMSDs symptoms among aircraft maintenance workers is related to individual,occupational er-gonomic,and psychological factors,and active prevention and intervention should be taken.关键词
工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患/飞机维修/快速暴露检查表/男性/工效学Key words
work-related musculoskeletal disorder/aircraft maintenance/Quick Exposure Checklist/male/ergonomics分类
预防医学引用本文复制引用
毕明丽,丁晓文,王学峰,王陆阳,王会宁,陈振芳,王晓舜,李珏..飞机维修人员肌肉骨骼疾患检出情况及影响因素[J].环境与职业医学,2025,42(3):270-277,8.基金项目
首都卫生发展科研专项项目(2024-1G-3101) （2024-1G-3101）
