实验动物与比较医学2025，Vol.45Issue(2)：176-186,11.DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.139
基于中西医临床病证特点的重症肌无力动物模型分析
Analysis of Animal Models of Myasthenia Gravis Based on Its Clinical Characteristics in Chinese and Western Medicine
摘要
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis(MG)is an autoimmune disease characterized primarily by skeletal muscle weakness and,in severe cases,respiratory involvement.Western medical treatment predominantly relies on immunosuppressants,but long-term administration often leads to notable side effects.In contrast,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers the advantage of multi-target interventions.However,the pathogenesis of MG has not been fully elucidated,and the establishment of animal models that accurately reflect the clinical characteristics of both Chinese and Western medicine is essential for mechanism research and new drug development.This paper systematically reviews the etiology and pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria,and progress of animal model research for MG from both Chinese and Western medicine perspectives.In Western medicine,the pathogenesis of MG is closely related to genetic susceptibility,environmental factors,and autoantibody-mediated postsynaptic membrane damage.In TCM,MG is classified under the category of"flaccidity syndrome",attributed to congenital deficiencies and acquired malnourishment.Western diagnostic criteria involve a combination of clinical symptoms,fatigue testing,serum antibody assays,and electrophysiological evaluation.In contrast,TCM diagnosis emphasizes the integration of primary and secondary symptoms with tongue and pulse pattern differentiation.Currently available animal models mainly include experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis(EAMG)and passive transfer myasthenia gravis(PTMG).The Toredo acetylcholine receptor(AChR)induced EAMG model aligns well with Western diagnostic criteria,but poorly matches secondary symptoms in TCM.The synthetic AChR peptide model is widely used,but shows low conformity with TCM syndromes.Models induced by muscle-specific tyrosine kinase(MuSK),low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4(LRP4),and transgenic models demonstrate high innovation but exhibit low clinical conformity.Evaluation of these models requires integration of behavioral,electrophysiological,and immunological indicators.However,a systematic framework for modelling TCM syndromes is still lacking.Future research should integrate TCM-based etiological modelling methods with the Western pathological mechanisms to construct disease-syndrome combination models.Additionally,it is crucial to establish a TCM syndrome evaluation system based on"validation by prescription",as well as to improve the scientific rigor and practicality of animal models by the incorporation of emerging technologies.This review provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing MG animal model design,advancing the research on the combination of Chinese and Western medicine,and supporting efficacy assessment and mechanism exploration of Chinese herbal prescriptions.关键词
重症肌无力/病证结合/诊断标准/动物模型/吻合度Key words
Myasthenia gravis/Disease-syndrome combination/Diagnostic criteria/Animal model/Conformity引用本文复制引用
陈钰涵,羊忠山,牛海涛,陈瑾玲,李欣,区燕华,王斯,陈镜伊,王兴易,袁嘉丽,段媛媛..基于中西医临床病证特点的重症肌无力动物模型分析[J].实验动物与比较医学,2025,45(2):176-186,11.基金项目
科技部重点研发计划"重要消化道肿瘤、免疫疾病小鼠模型的研发与功能机制研究"(2022YFF0710701) （2022YFF0710701）
科技部重点研发计划"重要神经退行性疾病和免疫疾病大鼠模型的研发与功能机制研究"(2022YFF0710702) （2022YFF0710702）
广州市重点研发计划项目"小檗碱调节肠道微生物影响心血管病发病关系研究"(202206010157) （202206010157）
广州市校联合项目"广州市无菌动物与微生态转化重点实验室项目"(202201020381) （202201020381）
暨南大学医学联合基金"食物相关肾小球疾病致病抗原的质谱鉴定及发病机制研究"(YXJC2022004) （YXJC2022004）
