生物技术通报2025，Vol.41Issue(4)：61-75,15.DOI:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0847
增强酿酒酵母对木质纤维素水解液抑制剂耐受性的研究进展
Advances in Improving the Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Lignocellulose Hydrolysate Inhibitors
摘要
Abstract
Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment lignocellulosic biomass,thus realizing sustainable economic and social development,and has a good application prospect.However,the carboxylic acid,furfural and polyphenols from it have a strong inhibitory effect on S.cerevisiae.These inhibitors cause severe damages to organelles such as cell membranes,mitochondria and ribosomes,which affects the utilization of fermentable sugars in the hydrolysate by S.cerevisiae.This paper systematically reviews the signal pathways and metabolic pathways by which these three types of inhibitors exert stress on S.cerevisiae.For example,weak acids can induce intracellular acidification,and furfural and phenolic compounds can reduce the activity of intracellular redox enzymes and inhibit the translation process.Based on the above stress mechanisms,this paper deeply explores positive genetic methods,such as mutagenesis breeding,laboratory adaptive evolution,cell self-flocculation,and co-culture.These methods are used to mine key genes by phenotypic mutation combined with multi-omics analysis,so as to construct efficient strains.Meanwhile,reverse genetic methods are also elaborated,that is,genomic transformation using known functional genes and strain-directed breeding based on the CRISPR-Cas system.Among them,methods such as overexpressing the target gene in S.cerevisiae,gene knockout using CRISPR-Cas9,and gene regulation using CRISPRa/CRISPRi effectively regulate the expressions of key genes,thereby enhancing the tolerance performance of S.cerevisiae.On this basis,a comprehensive strategy combining high-throughput gene library with multi-pathway gene regulation can be used for key gene screening and multi-dimensional gene regulation on a large scale.In the future,strategies such as the combined analysis of gene expression and metabolic flux can be used to monitor the activities of key enzymes and the carbon flux changes in key metabolic pathways related to tolerance in real time,so as to better cope with the synergistic effects of multiple inhibitors on S.cerevisiae,and provide references and suggestions for S.cerevisiae to efficiently utilize lignocellulose for fermentation.关键词
酿酒酵母/木质纤维素水解液/抑制剂/耐受性/响应机制/遗传改造Key words
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/lignocellulosic hydrolysate/inhibitors/tolerance/response mechanism/genetic modification引用本文复制引用
贾承霖,郭晓鹏,陆栋,张苗苗..增强酿酒酵母对木质纤维素水解液抑制剂耐受性的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2025,41(4):61-75,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(11905265,11975284,12205132),中国科学院"西部青年学者"重点项目(2023年度),兰州人才创新创业项目(2022-RC-37),甘肃省青年科学基金项目(22JR5RA300) （11905265,11975284,12205132）
