天然气工业2025，Vol.45Issue(4)：1-18,18.DOI:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2025.04.001
中国煤岩气突破及意义
China's breakthrough in coal-rock gas and its significance
摘要
Abstract
China's coal-rock gas revolution has emerged as"dark horse"in the unconventional natural gas industry recently.CNPC has built the world's first coal-rock gas field with an annual output of 200×104 t oil and gas equivalent,realizing innovations in technology,management and strategy of coal-rock gas,which are significant to the global unconventional oil and gas.The breakthrough in coal-rock gas underscores the scientific validities of the"source rock oil and gas"oriented exploration strategy and the theoretical system of"pursuing unconventional breakthroughs while maintaining conventional exploration and development".It may herald a new revolution in China,following the shale oil and gas revolution.In order to further promote the large-scale exploration and development process of coal-rock gas,the concept,connotation,types,and development characteristics of coal-rock gas are introduced.On this basis,the scientific significance of the coal-rock gas revolution is systematically discussed,the existing core exploration and development technologies of coal-rock gas are reviewed,and the challenges to and prospects of coal-rock gas are presented.The following results are obtained.First,China's unconventional oil and gas industry has gone through four stages:oil sand heavy oil,tight sandstone oil and gas,shale oil and gas,and coal-rock oil and gas,and coal-rock gas revolution has evolved in three stages or with three breakthroughs:the"coal-derived gas"theory,the"coalbed methane"theory,and the"coal-rock gas"theory.Second,coal-rock gas refers to natural gas formed and distributed within coal rock strata.It is generated,accumulated and preserved in the same set of formations.Third,essentially,the coal-rock gas revolution means a technological revolution with the resource perspectives expanding from shallow coal-rock gas to coal-rock gas,a management revolution with the focus on cost reduction and efficiency enhancement,and a strategic revolution with the addition of a new natural gas source to China's energy mix.Fourth,coal-rock gas types include naturally formed underground coal-rock gas and artificially heated"coal-rock gas"from in-situ coal.Key features of naturally formed coal-rock gas enrichment include medium-high maturity,self-sealing roof/floor,and a relatively high proportion of free gas.With the advancement of in-situ heating stimulation technology,artificially heated coal-rock gas resources from in-situ coal are expected to exhibit greater strategic potential in the future natural gas industry.Fifth,the core exploration and development technologies of coal-rock gas in China have demonstrated give progresses:the establishment of classification standards for sweet spot zones/intervals of coal-rock gas,the realization of high-precision seismic-geological integrated guidance,the exploration of energy-efficient fracturing technologies,the creation of pressure-controlled drainage modes,and the development of digital and intelligent platforms for coal-rock gas.Sixth,the coal-rock gas revolution still faces four major challenges:unclear understanding of sweet spot zone/interval distribution patterns,lagging research and development of low-cost,low-water or waterless fracturing processes,insufficient construction of intelligent well factories,and difficulties in maintaining peak coal-rock gas production.It is concluded that China's coal-rock gas revolution will have a profound impact on the oil and gas industry,specifically reflected in the continuously enriching geologic theories of unconventional oil and gas,potentially making underground coal gasification a"true revolution",driving innovation in coal-rock gas through artificial intelligence,and accelerating the construction of a comprehensive economic benefit evaluation system.关键词
煤岩气概念/煤岩气地质理论/煤岩气类型/煤岩气技术/煤岩气革命/非常规天然气Key words
Concept of coal-rock gas/Coal-rock gas geology theory/Coal-rock gas type/Coal-rock gas technology/Coal-rock gas revolution/Unconventional natural gas分类
石油、天然气工程引用本文复制引用
邹才能,吴松涛,马锋,高金亮,沈振,周国晓,尹帅,宋昱,郭秋雷,李勇,赵群,刘翰林,孙粉锦,陈艳鹏,邓泽,于荣泽,李士祥,杨智..中国煤岩气突破及意义[J].天然气工业,2025,45(4):1-18,18.基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目"统筹新能源发展与国家能源安全重要关系及实践路径研究"(编号:24&ZD106)、中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目"煤岩气富集规律与开发机理研究"(编号:2024DJ23)、中国石油长庆油田公司关键核心技术攻关项目"鄂尔多斯盆地深层煤岩气赋存机理、富集规律及有效提产关键技术攻关"(编号:2023DZZ01). （编号:24&ZD106）
