文物保护与考古科学2025，Vol.37Issue(2)：110-118,9.DOI:10.16334/j.cnki.cn31-1652/k.20231203125
陕西蒲城元代壁画墓的保护与展示
Conservation and exhibition of a Yuan Dynasty mural tomb from Pucheng,Shaanxi Province
摘要
Abstract
The mural tomb of Dong'er Village in Pucheng is one of the few Yuan Dynasty tombs fully-covered with complete mural paintings in Shaanxi Province.It is a valuable physical material for the study of the material culture and social features of the Mongol region during the confrontation period between the Song and Yuan Dynasties,and has extremely high historical and artistic value.In 2018,the mural tomb was relocated and protected as a whole.Multi-disciplinary studies and team work were critical for the full display of this precious cultural relic in the museum. To maximize the preservation of the murals and meet the needs of the public,through continuous verification and discussion,the display mode of the mural tomb evolved from segmented display,original-form display,and elevated display,to ultimately elevating the tomb and revitalizing the mural content.This approach has not only achieved a stable and controllable micro-environment for the tomb but also allowed the public to fully view the tomb murals and their revitalized content,thus resolving the conflict between mural preservation and utilization. The preservation and exhibition design of the murals were conducted simultaneously,supporting each other.After the main framework of the museum building was completed,the mural tomb was hoisted into its exhibition position for over a year of on-site preservation and display work.First,a temporary laboratory was set up on site,equipped with ventilation and air exchange systems.Then,the internal wooden keel support and plaster cloth support inside the murals,as well as the external cross steel framework used for hoisting were removed.Finally,the channel steel at the base of the murals was taken away,and the mural tomb was hoisted onto a 3 m-high custom steel framework.Following this,the surface of the murals was further cleaned,reinforced,and retouched.This process was time-consuming and coordinated with the exhibition work,including the installation of low-reflective glass,electrical wiring,and environmental control equipment at the base of the tomb. The exhibition of the mural tomb aims not only to present the historical information,artistic value,and social landscape of the tomb to the public,but also to promote new technologies for mural preservation,deeply explore the value of the murals,and revitalize their contents to enhance public understanding of cultural relics.The exhibition introduces the mural tomb and its scientific preservation through text and images,uses 3D models to visually demonstrate the on-site preservation process of the murals,and provides multimedia touch screens that allow the public to explore the mural details and content explanations through 3D virtual tours.Additionally,using 3D mapping curved projection technology,the preservation technologies and the tomb murals are animated and projected outside the tomb chamber,bringing the cultural relics to life and making the experience captivating. The mural tomb is exhibited in a closed environment,with real-time monitoring and control of the micro-environment within the tomb chamber.Monitoring data indicate that the environment inside the tomb chamber is stable and clean,which meets the requirements for the long-term display of the murals.Both LED and OLED light sources have been installed in the tomb chamber.According to comparative data measurements,the new OLED organic light sources emit less heat,offer better color rendering,and have a color temperature closer to 3 000 K,making them more suitable for the lighting requirements of the tomb murals.The management and maintenance of the mural tomb have been strengthened,including regular inspections of equipment,evaluations of the preservation status of the murals,and establishment of records and archives. The mural tomb harmoniously integrates the preservation and utilization of cultural relics,which has overcome the limitations imposed by its structure on exhibition viewing,and achieved the maximization of viewing perspectives,application of preservation outcomes,and comprehensive exhibition experience.This not only revitalizes the cultural relics and spreads the concept of cultural relic preservation but also provides a reference model for the conservation of similar mural tombs.关键词
墓葬壁画/整体展示/价值发掘/文物活化Key words
Tomb mural/Full display/Value excavation/Revitalization of cultural relics分类
历史学引用本文复制引用
严静,赵西晨,邵安定..陕西蒲城元代壁画墓的保护与展示[J].文物保护与考古科学,2025,37(2):110-118,9.基金项目
陕西省重点研发计划(2021ZDLSF06-05)资助,教育部人文社科基金(22XJC780001)资助,.陕西省社科基金(2023G010)资助 （2021ZDLSF06-05）
