中国水土保持科学2025，Vol.23Issue(2)：66-76,11.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2024037
2023年极端暴雨下中国北方土石山区-黄土区土壤侵蚀的过渡特征
The transitional characteristics of soil erosion in the earth-rocky mountain area-loess area of northern China under extreme rainstorm in 2023
摘要
Abstract
[Background]In recent years,extreme rainstorm has occurred frequently in northern China,causing serious soil and water erosion.In 2023,extreme heavy rainfall events occurred in northern China under the influence of Typhoon Du Suri.To explore the regional differences and causes of soil erosion caused by large-scale extreme rainstorm,this article selected Jingxing county in Hebei,Lingqiu county in Shanxi,and Binzhou city in Shaanxi as research objects,and finally proposed response strategies for different regions.[Methods]This article adopted a combination of on-site manual measurement and drone aerial photography.Typical small watersheds were selected in the survey area.After orthophoto by UAV,the location and degree of soil erosion in small watersheds were preliminarily analyzed according to the images.Finally,different land use types such as sloping farmland,terraces and roads in the small watershed were selected,and the field measurement was carried out by sampling method.The corresponding erosion modulus using different methods based on different types of land use erosion was calculated.[Results]1)Under extreme rainstorm,soil erosion was mainly concentrated in slope farmland,terraces,roads and other land use types,while forest and grassland erosion was lighter.From the earth-rock mountain area to the loess area,the soil erosion intensity was increasing.2)The erosion of slope farmland was the most serious,mainly gully erosion.The erosion modulus of soil-rock mountain area,transition area and loess area were 16 613,39 963 and 65 232 t/km2,respectively.3)Terraced fields were primarily affected by gravitational erosion on field ridges.The damage rates of field ridges in the three regions were 11.92％,18.54％,and 37.64％,respectively.The erosion modulus was 22 939,29 314,and 41 463 t/km2,respectively.The erosion degree of soil ridge terrace was significantly higher than that of stone ridge terrace.4)Road erosion was primarily characterized by collapse of side slopes and surface gully erosion.The erosion modulus from side slope collapse on roads in the three regions were 13 004,25 283,and 48 859 t/km2,respectively.The erosion modulus from surface gully erosion on roads were 5 948,17 134,and 43 498 t/km2,respectively.Erosion on earth roads was more serious,and stone roads were relatively light.[Conclusions]The concentrated flow generated by rainstorm is the main driving factor of soil erosion.The varying degrees of erosion in different regions are mainly due to differences in local soil and water conservation measures and geographical environment.It is necessary to strengthen the construction of interception and drainage measures.In addition,it is necessary to continuously strengthen the construction of high-standard terraces in earth-rocky mountainous areas,consider increasing the proportion of stone ridge terraces in transitional areas,and strengthen agronomic management in loess areas to avoid surface exposure.The research results can provide a scientific basis for the precise implementation of soil and water loss zoning.关键词
土壤侵蚀/极端暴雨/侵蚀特征/集中流/防治措施Key words
soil erosion/extreme rainfall/erosion characteristics/concentrated runoff/prevention and control measures分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王嘉龄,韩剑桥,张亮,李宗遥,陈昊,张磊..2023年极端暴雨下中国北方土石山区-黄土区土壤侵蚀的过渡特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2025,23(2):66-76,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金"基于错峰调节的黄土丘陵沟壑区暴雨洪水源头水土保持调控机制"(42177327) （42177327）
水利部重大科技项目"流域错峰减洪的水土保持措施布局模式研究"(SKS-2022093) （SKS-2022093）
中国科学院国际伙伴计划"气候变化对阿根廷水土资源影响评估与综合适应对策研究"(16146KYSB20200001) （16146KYSB20200001）
