植物营养与肥料学报2025，Vol.31Issue(4)：687-696,10.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2024424
适宜氮肥用量减轻旱地和稻田油菜冻害胁迫的效应
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on oilseed rape yield in upland and paddy fields and the extent of yield reduction due to freezing damage
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Low temperature freezing damage is a common limiting factor in winter rapeseed production.This experiment explored the differences in nitrogen fertilizer application and frost damage response of winter rapeseed under different planting systems,in order to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization on alleviating freezing stress to oilseed rape.[Methods]A localized field fertilization experiment was started under maize-rapeseed and rice-rapeseed rotation systems in 2012,and four N application rates were set up:0,75,150,and 225 kg/hm2 under each of the two rotation systems.We investigated the climatic conditions during the rapeseed growth seasons of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024,as well as the growth status during the overwintering and bolting periods of rapeseed.At the harvesting period,we investigated the biomass,yield,and yield components of rapeseed.[Results]During the overwintering period of rapeseed in 2023/2024,the incidence and duration of freezing damage were notably severer compared to the previous season,2022/2023,classifying 2023/2024 as a year of significant freezing stress.Compared with normal year 2022/2023,freezing stress in upland and paddy field decreased the average number of pods per plant by 36.5%and 33.7%,biomass by 54.9%and 50.4%,and yield by 49.2%and 44.2%,respectively.Throughout the overwintering and bolting stages,upland rapeseed experienced severer frost damage than paddy rapeseed.Irrespective of freezing stress,increasing nitrogen fertilizer application significantly boosted the number of siliques per plant,enhanced biomass and harvest index,and had a more pronounced yield-increasing effect on upland rapeseed.Compared with normal year 2022/2023,under 2023/2024 freezing stress,the average yield of rapeseed in upland and paddy fields decreased by 49.8%and 45.1%,and the number of pods per plant decreased by 37.0%and 34.5%,respectively.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the magnitude of yield reduction decreased.Notably,when the nitrogen application rate reached 225 kg/hm2,both upland and paddy rapeseed achieved peak yields and related agronomic indices.[Conclusions]Freezing stress during the overwintering and bolting stages significantly reduced the yield of rapeseed in both upland and paddy fields,with upland rapeseed experiencing even greater losses compared to paddy field rapeseed.Applying optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively mitigate the freezing damage by boosting the number of siliques,facilitating the transfer of photosynthetic products to seeds,and improving the harvest index.Furthermore,the beneficial impact of nitrogen fertilization is more pronounced in upland fields than in paddy fields.Regardless of freezing stress,the maximum yield response for rapeseed in both cropping systems was observed at N application rate of 225 kg/hm2.Consequently,it is advisable to adopt this appropriate nitrogen application rate locally.关键词
冻害/氮肥用量/旱地油菜/稻田油菜/产量Key words
freezing damage/nitrogen fertilizer rate/upland oilseed rape/paddy oilseed rape/yield引用本文复制引用
刘陈,廖世鹏,廖盼,陆志峰,任涛,李小坤,陈爱武,王昆昆,鲁剑巍..适宜氮肥用量减轻旱地和稻田油菜冻害胁迫的效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2025,31(4):687-696,10.基金项目
财政部和农业农村部—国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-12) （CARS-12）
湖北省现代农业产业技术体系油菜产业体系项目(2023HBSTX4-03) （2023HBSTX4-03）
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662021ZH001)资助. （2662021ZH001）
