表面技术2025，Vol.54Issue(10)：47-60,14.DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.10.004
超疏水表面在血液接触类医疗器械中的应用进展
Advance in Application of Superhydrophobic Blood-repellent Surfaces for Medical Devices
摘要
Abstract
When medical devices come into contact with blood,they typically trigger the body's coagulation mechanisms and rejection responses,leading to hemodynamic interactions between them and increasing the risk of bacterial infections on the device surface.This results in a series of adverse reactions during clinical use,such as coagulation effects,thrombosis formation,hemolysis,protein adhesion,and microbial infections.Recent studies find that constructing superhydrophobic surfaces on blood-contacting surfaces can reduce biomolecule adhesion,improve hemolysis and coagulation,enhance blood compatibility,and inhibit surface microbial growth.This has become an effective strategy for improving the blood compatibility of medical device surfaces and is widely applied to blood-contacting medical devices.However,the mechanisms of interaction between superhydrophobic surfaces and blood,cells,and bacteria are not yet fully understood,which limits their further medical application.To promote the application and development of superhydrophobic surfaces in the medical field,this paper summarizes the current methods for constructing superhydrophobic surfaces,the materials used,and the mechanisms behind their blood compatibility. There are two main methods for constructing superhydrophobic surfaces:single-step and multi-step.The single-step method completes both the micro/nano-structure construction and low surface energy modification in a single process,such as sol-gel,electro-spraying,deposition,3D printing,chemical etching,laser ablation,photolithography,and template methods.The multi-step method first prepares the surface micro/nano-structure and then modifies it with low surface energy materials.The materials used for constructing superhydrophobic surfaces include metals,metal oxides,phosphides,carbon-based nanoparticles,fluorinated chemicals,organosilicon compounds,polymers,and biomolecules. This paper discusses the interactions between superhydrophobic surfaces and plasma proteins,platelets,and red blood cells in blood.The excellent blood compatibility of superhydrophobic surfaces is attributed to the Cassie state.Specifically,the micro/nano-structure morphology of superhydrophobic surfaces significantly affects the interactions between blood cells and bacteria.For example,high-curvature nanostructures are less likely to be adhered to by plasma proteins.Modifying the spacing,distribution density,curvature,and aspect ratio of micro/nano-structures can adjust the adhesion of blood cells and bacteria on superhydrophobic surfaces. This paper also summarizes the mechanisms of superhydrophobic surfaces in resisting blood adhesion,including the reduction of the effective attachment area for blood cells and unique fluid dynamic properties.For example,in platelet adhesion,superhydrophobic surfaces not only inhibit platelet adhesion by reducing the effective attachment area but also further reduce the chances of platelet contact with the surface through their unique fluid dynamics,thereby exhibiting excellent anti-platelet adhesion properties. Additionally,the paper reviews the application of superhydrophobic surfaces in blood-contacting medical devices,specifically in the following categories:1)implantable medical devices,such as heart or vascular implants,cardiac valves,occluders,vascular stents,and bone implants;2)extracorporeal circulation devices,such as blood purification and dialysis devices,cardiopulmonary bypass equipment;and 3)wound healing applications,such as antibacterial and hemostatic dressings. The application of superhydrophobic coatings on surfaces of blood-contacting medical devices has great potential,especially in reducing thrombosis and preventing infections.These coatings effectively prevent the adhesion of blood components and bacteria due to their high apparent contact angle,low surface energy,and complex surface structure.However,current challenges including the stability,durability,and comprehensive evaluation of the biological compatibility of the coatings,require further research and resolution. Future research should focus on several areas:first,having in-depth understanding of the interaction between superhydrophobic surfaces and blood under dynamic flow conditions,to optimize their anti-fouling and anti-thrombosis performance.Second,exploring cost-effective and easy-to-manufacture methods for preparing superhydrophobic surfaces to enhance their feasibility and sustainability in practical applications.Furthermore,the long-term stability and biocompatibility of superhydrophobic materials need to be further evaluated to ensure their safety and effectiveness in long-term use across various clinical environments. In summary,superhydrophobic coatings hold great promise as a potential solution for blood-contacting medical devices in the future.Despite the challenges,continuous progress in technology and research will provide broad prospects for their application and development.关键词
超疏水表面/抗血凝血栓/血液相容性/抗生物黏附/表面抑菌Key words
superhydrophobic surface/anti-thrombosis/blood compatibility/anti-biofouling/surface antibacterial分类
通用工业技术引用本文复制引用
程静,李政浩,李欣怡,龚天颖,李怡瑶,何李盟,林祥德..超疏水表面在血液接触类医疗器械中的应用进展[J].表面技术,2025,54(10):47-60,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(22008151) （22008151）
上海健康医学院高水平地方高校建设项目(E1-2602-21-201006-1) （E1-2602-21-201006-1）
上海健康医学院科研骨干学术导师制项目(E3-0200-21-201012-8)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22008151) （E3-0200-21-201012-8）
The Excellent Doctoral/Master Dissertation Training Program of Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences(E1-2602-21-201006-1) （E1-2602-21-201006-1）
Academic Mentorship for Scientific Research Cadre Project(E3-0200-21-201012-8) （E3-0200-21-201012-8）
