重庆大学学报（社会科学版）2025，Vol.31Issue(2)：226-240,15.DOI:10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2023.03.003
电子商务平台经营者违反安全保障义务的侵权责任构造
The construction of tort liability for e-commerce platform operators'breach of security care obligations
摘要
Abstract
Article 38 of China's E-Commerce Law establishes the security care obligations of e-commerce platform operators,and extends the applicable medium of security care obligations from physical space to virtual cyberspace,which is conducive to strengthening the protection of consumers'personal and property safety.However,the legislative expression of Article 38 of the E-Commerce Law is not refined enough,which makes it possible for paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article to overlap in application scope,and there is a value evaluation contradiction in the allocation of responsibilities.Moreover,this article does not establish a clear standard for identifying the fault,damage,causality and other constituent elements of the tort liability of platform operators for breaching security care obligations,which brings difficulties to the application of law in judicial decisions.In addition,the expression of"corresponding liability"in Article 38(2)is too vague and generalized,giving the referee too much discretion.Furthermore,the academic community has been arguing about the form of liability of corresponding liability,which leads to inconsistency in judicial practice.In order to eliminate the above disadvantages,in terms of system coordination,it should be considered that Article 38(1)regulates contributory infringement,and"should know"in this paragraph should be interpreted as"have reason to know".Article 38(2)regulates separate torts with concurrent causation.Platform operators who meet this case type must have no intention to help the operators in the platform to implement the infringement.This can clarify the scope of application of the two paragraphs of Article 38,and resolve the value evaluation contradiction between them.In terms of liability composition,it should be considered that the object of protection of Article 38(1)covers all civil rights and interests that may be infringed by the perpetrator through the network.The fault judgment of violating this paragraph can be determined by drawing lessons from the fault judgment rules of indirect tort liability of network service providers.The determination of causality in violation of this paragraph can be simplified through the implicature and integrity of behaviors of the aider and the aided.The object of protection of Article 38(2)is limited to the rights and interests of natural persons in life and health.The fault judgment of violating this paragraph can be determined by referring to the judgment standard of tort liability for violating the safety guarantee obligation of public places stipulated in Article 1198 of the Civil Code.The causality judgment of violating this paragraph should be based on the premise of distinguishing whether consumers are infringed by platform operators or operators in the platform,flexibly apply the causality test methods such as but-for-test,adequate causation theory,foreseeability theory or danger scope theory.In this way,we can construct a perfect standard for liability composition of platform operators who violate their security obligations.On the apportionment of tort liability,it is necessary to classify the subjective mentality of the platform operators and operators in the platform when they commit tort acts.To be specific,when both are negligent infringement,"corresponding liability"should be interpreted as proportional liability;When the two are intentional infringement and negligent infringement respectively,"corresponding liability"should be interpreted as partial joint and several liability.When both are intentional infringement,"corresponding liability"should be interpreted as joint and several liability.This can clarify the specific meaning of"corresponding liability"and provide clear guidance for judicial practice.关键词
电子商务法/平台经营者/安全保障义务/侵权责任构成/侵权责任形态Key words
E-commerce Law/platform operators/security care obligation/composition of tort liability/form of tort liability分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
莫杨燊..电子商务平台经营者违反安全保障义务的侵权责任构造[J].重庆大学学报（社会科学版）,2025,31(2):226-240,15.基金项目
2020年国家社会科学基金年度项目重大项目专项"社会主义核心价值观融入智慧社会法治建设的理论模型与实践进路"(20VHJ009) （20VHJ009）
2020年国家社会科学基金年度项目一般项目"《民法典》中的参照适用条款研究"(20BFX103) （20BFX103）
2021年度跨境网络空间安全教育部工程研究中心开放课题"RCEP背景下中国-新加坡数据跨境流动法律风险防控研究"(KJAQ202112005) （KJAQ202112005）
