干旱地区农业研究2025，Vol.43Issue(3)：182-190,9.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.19
覆盖作物对陇中旱农区马铃薯农田水分利用特征的影响
Effects of cover crops on water use characteristics in potato fields of the Longzhong dry farming region,Gansu province
摘要
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in 2023 to identify suitable cover crops and their optimal sowing periods for potatoes grown in furrows.The experiment included five treatments:sowing Vicia sativa two weeks before potato planting(PV1),sowing Vicia sativa concurrently with potato planting(PV2),sowing hairy vetch two weeks before potato planting(PM1),sowing hairy vetch concurrently with potato planting(PM2),and a pota-to monoculture as the control(P).The study examined the effects of different cover crops and sowing periods on soil moisture,water consumption,evapotranspiration,potato yield,and water use efficiency in field conditions.The results indicate that:(1)Each covering treatment increased the soil moisture content of the 0～110 cm soil layer in the field,throughout the growth period especially after potato flowering(after cutting cover crops)to varying de-grees compared with the P treatment.The effect of the hairy vetch treatment was better than that of the Vicia sativa treatment.Moreover,PM1 treatment significantly increased the soil moisture storage in the 0～110 cm soil layer during the tuber expansion period,which was 7.78%higher than the P treatment.(2)The covering treatment re-duced potatoes'soil evaporation,E/ET,and water consumption to varying degrees throughout the growth period of potatoes over P treatment.The PM1 treatment had the best effect on reducing soil evaporation and the E/ET during the whole growth period of potatoes,significantly lower than the P treatment by 29.64%and 25.66%,respectively as compared to P treatment.Pre-potato flowering(the growth period of cover crops),the transpiration of PM1 treat-ment was significantly higher than P treatment by 9.67%,but there was no significant difference in water consump-tion between these two treatments.After cutting cover crops,the water consumption of each covering treatment was significantly lower than P treatment by 5.85%～16.64%.(3)The potato yield,commercial potato rate and water use efficiency of PM1 were significantly higher than other treatments by 8.89%～35.95%,17.10%～49.98%,and 8.87%～43.75%,respectively.Therefore,sowing hairy vetch in furrows and covering it with cuttings two weeks be-fore planting potatoes can ensure adequate water supply during the tuber expansion period,optimize water consump-tion patterns,improve potato yield and water use efficiency,and promote stable,high yields in the arid agricultural regions of central Gansu.关键词
马铃薯/覆盖作物/农田耗水量/耗水结构/水分利用效率/产量Key words
potato/cover crop/farmland water consumption/water consumption structure/water use efficien-cy/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
付永柯,李玲玲,谢军红,王林林,张元红,魏巧俏..覆盖作物对陇中旱农区马铃薯农田水分利用特征的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,43(3):182-190,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700) （2021YFD1900700）
干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室主任基金(GSCS-2022-Z02) （GSCS-2022-Z02）
