硅酸盐学报2025，Vol.53Issue(5)：1354-1368,15.DOI:10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240686
抗冲磨混凝土材料性能与表征研究进展
Review on Performance and Characterization of Abrasion-Resistant Concrete Materials
摘要
Abstract
Abrasion-resistant concrete is crucial for the durability and safety of hydraulic engineering structures,bridge piers,coastal embankments,and other specialized infrastructure.These structures are exposed to harsh conditions such as high-velocity water flow,sand erosion,and debris impacts.This review examines recent advancements in abrasion-resistant concrete materials,focusing on material composition,characterization methods,and abrasion damage mechanisms.It aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for developing durable concrete in demanding environments. Abrasion resistance is enhanced by optimizing material composition,including supplementary cementitious materials(SCMs),fiber reinforcement,wear-resistant aggregates,rubber particles,and ultra-high-performance concrete(UHPC).SCMs such as silica fume,fly ash,and slag powder improve hydration products and densify the microstructure,significantly enhancing abrasion resistance.However,excessive silica fume can cause shrinkage cracking.Fiber reinforcement,particularly steel fibers(0.75％-1.00％by volume),improves tensile strength and abrasion resistance,with reported increases of over 20％.Wear-resistant aggregates,including iron ore and recycled glass,play a critical role,with their mechanical properties and particle size significantly influencing performance.Rubberized concrete(5％-25％rubber content)absorbs impact energy,reducing abrasion damage,though excessive rubber content may compromise strength.UHPC,with its exceptional strength and density,offers superior abrasion resistance,and further optimization of its fiber,aggregate,and cementitious components is key to its performance in complex environments. Concrete abrasion resistance is evaluated using various characterization methods that simulate different mechanisms of wear.The underwater method(ASTM C1138,DL/T 5150-2017)measures bed load impacts in high-velocity water flow.The sandblasting test,or water-borne sand jet method,simulates suspended load erosion under varying impact angles and velocities.The ring method and high-speed ring method(SL/T 352-2020)assess abrasion in low-velocity sand-laden water flow,while the rotating jet method simulates high-speed suspended load abrasion.The water-borne sand jet method combines suspended load and cavitation effects to provide a comprehensive evaluation of abrasion resistance.Recently,3D scanning technology has been increasingly adopted to characterize surface morphology,offering precise measurements of wear depth and volume loss for detailed analysis of abrasion damage. Abrasion damage mechanisms in concrete involve bed load impact,suspended load abrasion,and cavitation erosion.Bed load impact,caused by large particles such as rocks,results in brittle failure,surface spalling,and internal microcracking,as simulated by the underwater steel ball method.Suspended load abrasion,driven by the continuous scouring of sand particles,gradually erodes the cement paste and exposes aggregates,as modeled by the sandblasting and rotating jet methods.Cavitation erosion,caused by the collapse of bubbles in high-velocity water,forms erosion pits that expand over time,as simulated by the water-borne sand jet method.In real-world environments,concrete is often subjected to combined abrasion mechanisms alongside environmental stressors such as freeze-thaw cycles,debris flow,and seawater exposure.For example,freeze-thaw cycles weaken the concrete matrix,exacerbating erosion by suspended sediments.These combined effects significantly accelerate abrasion damage,highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the synergistic interactions between abrasion mechanisms and environmental factors. Summary and prospects This review highlights recent progress in abrasion-resistant concrete materials,emphasizing material composition,characterization methods,and damage mechanisms.It offers valuable insights for enhancing durability in harsh environments.Future research should focus on optimizing UHPC composition for specific applications,exploring the combined effects of environmental stressors on abrasion resistance,and leveraging advanced techniques such as 3D scanning for precise damage assessment.By clarifying abrasion mechanisms and improving material performance,this research will drive innovation in hydraulic engineering and coastal protection,ensuring infrastructure resilience in demanding service conditions.关键词
抗冲磨混凝土/材料组成/表征手段/抗冲磨性能/冲磨机理Key words
anti-abrasion concrete/material composition/techniques for representation/abrasion resistance/abrasion mechanisms分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
赵明宇,朱宝双,王晴,张高展,杨军,丁庆军..抗冲磨混凝土材料性能与表征研究进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2025,53(5):1354-1368,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52278266,51908378,U21A20149,U24A2048) （52278266,51908378,U21A20149,U24A2048）
沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划项目(RC220313) （RC220313）
辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC2403149) （XLYC2403149）
桥梁工程安全与韧性全国重点实验室开放基金(2024SKLBSR-DW009) （2024SKLBSR-DW009）
硅酸盐建筑材料国家重点实验室开放基金(SYSJJ2020-07). 因此,结合笔者近年来在该领域的研究与实践经验,在抗冲磨混凝土材料组成与性能、混凝土抗冲磨实验方法与表征、混凝土冲磨实验损伤机制等方面,综述了抗冲磨混凝土材料的国内外研究进展与阶段性成果,并讨论需进一步解决的问题与未来研究方向. （SYSJJ2020-07）
