山东农业科学2025，Vol.57Issue(4)：98-106,9.DOI:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2025.04.012
秸秆还田配施氮肥对豫西旱地麦田土壤速效养分和小麦氮肥利用效率的影响
Effects of Straw Returning Combined with Nitrogen on Soil Available Nutrients and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat in Western Henan Arid Region
摘要
Abstract
In order to study the effects of maize straw returning and nitrogen application rate on soil a-vailable nutrients and wheat nitrogen uptake,utilization and yield in Western Henan arid region,the wheat cultivar Luohan 22 was used as material and a split plot design was adopted.The main plots were maize straw returning treatments of no straw returning(S0)and total straw returning(S1),and the sub-plots were nitro-gen application rates of 0(N0),120(N1),180(N2),240(N3)and 300 kg/hm2(N4).The changes of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents in 0～20-cm and 20～40-cm soil layers under different treatments were studied,and also the effects of different treat-ments on nitrogen absorption and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat.The results indicated that,under the same nitrogen application level,compared to S0,the soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents in S1 treatment increased abviously.Under the same straw appli-cation treatment in the same growth period,the contents of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,a-vailable phosphorus and available potassium under the same nitrogen application level in the 0～20-cm soil lay-er were higher than those in the 20～40-cm soil layer.Under the same straw returning treatment,the nitrogen accumulation of each organ increased with the increase of nitrogen application level.Under the same nitrogen application level,the nitrogen accumulation of each organ of S1 was higher than that of S0.Regardless of whether the straw was returned into the field or not,the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and apparent recov-ery rate of nitrogen were generally higher at the N2 and N3 level,and the nitrogen partial productivity and ni-trogen uptake efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level.Under the same nitrogen ap-plication level,the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency,apparent nitrogen recovery rate,nitrogen partial produc-tivity and nitrogen uptake efficiency of S1 treatment were higher than those of S0 treatment.Regardless of whether the straw was returned into the field or not,the spike number,grain number per spike,1 000-grain weight and yield of wheat increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and reached the maximum at N3 level.Under the same nitrogen level,compared with S0,the spike number,grain number per spike,1 000-grain weight and yield of wheat increased in S1 treatment.The results showed that straw returning combined with application of 180～240 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer was a suitable cultivation measure to realize the efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer resources and the high yield of wheat in Western Henan arid region.关键词
小麦/秸秆还田/施氮量/土壤速效养分/氮肥利用效率/产量Key words
Wheat/Straw returning/Nitrogen application rate/Soil available nutrients/Nitrogen use ef-ficiency/Yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
柴雪茹,王贺正,马嵩科,张冬霞,张静,张俊豪,乔唱唱,黄明..秸秆还田配施氮肥对豫西旱地麦田土壤速效养分和小麦氮肥利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2025,57(4):98-106,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31801297) （31801297）
河南省科技攻关项目(212102110309) （212102110309）
