丝绸2025，Vol.62Issue(5)：53-60,8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2025.05.006
红色活性染料结构与棉织物无盐染色性能关系研究
Study on the relationship between structure of red reactive dyes and salt-free dyeing performance of cotton fabrics
摘要
Abstract
When cotton fibers are dyed with reactive dyes in traditional water bath systems,it is necessary to add a lot of neutral inorganic salts to counteract the charge repulsion between dye anion and the fibers,so as to adsorb dyes to the fiber surface and improve the utilization rate of dyes.At the same time,a large amount of alkali must be used to ensure that the reactive dye can fully covalently bond with the cotton fibers.However,the large amount of inorganic salts will lead to super high salt content in the dyeing wastewater,which increases the difficulty and cost of post-processing.Additionally,inorganic salt has brought a great threat to the ecological environment and water resources.In order to realize the clean dyeing process of cellulose fibers with water conservation,energy conservation,high efficiency and ecological protection,researchers have done a lot of work.Recently,the low-salt and salt-free dyeing technology has become a hot spot in the current printing and dyeing industry.Techniques that have been reported to achieve low-salt and salt-free dyeing are as follows:development of new dyes molecular structure(modification of original structure and cationic reactive dyes),development and application of multi-functional substitute salt,low-salt dyeing auxiliaries,cellulose modification,non-aqueous dyeing technology,etc. In this paper,based on the structure-activity relationship,the relationship between water-soluble groups,reactive groups and molecular volume of reactive dyes and their dependence on salt was investigated.Here,dyeing characteristic value,dyeing depth,lifting capacity and color fastness were used to study the relationship between dye structure and salt-free dyeing.By investigating the effects of dye-promoting salts and alkali agents on the K/S value,and comparing the lifting capacity of various dyes under conditions with and without salt,it was discovered that R1 containing one vinyl sulfone reactive group and two water-soluble groups exhibited less dependence on salt and can achieve salt-free dyeing.R278 containing two vinyl sulfones,and R2 and R3 containing one vinyl sulfone but more than three water-soluble groups showed greater dependence on salt with an increase of dye concentration.Particularly,R2 containing three water-soluble groups exhibited the greatest dependence on salt.All the four dyes can realize low-alkali dyeing.The effect of salt mass concentration on the aggregation behavior of reactive dyes with different structures was investigated.It was found that the Abs value of R1 decreased the most at its maximum absorption wavelength,while the Abs value of R3 decreased less,indicating that the difference of dye structure directly affected the aggregation state of dye molecules in aqueous solution,and then affected the dyeing performance.This result also further explained the reason why R1 had little dependence on salt and R3 had a relatively strong dependence on salt in the dyeing process.At the same time,the wet rubbing fastness of dyes with multi water-soluble groups was up to grade 3,and the staining fastness of soaping for wool could be increased to grade 4. The relationship between the structure of reactive dyes and the performance of salt-free dyeing was studied,and the key control factors for realizing salt-free dyeing of reactive dyes were obtained.It will provide reference value for the development of low salt or salt-free reactive dyes,and further promote the green and healthy development of the textile industry.关键词
活性染料/染料结构/无盐染色/棉/低碱染色/色牢度Key words
reactive dyes/dye structure/salt-free dyeing/cotton/low-alkali staining/colour fastness分类
轻工业引用本文复制引用
王辉强,张红娟,沈楚良,王政凯,戴冰钰,王际平..红色活性染料结构与棉织物无盐染色性能关系研究[J].丝绸,2025,62(5):53-60,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年项目(22108169) （22108169）
上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划项目(21YF1416000) （21YF1416000）
浙江省清洁染整技术研究重点实验室开放基金项目(QJRZ2205) （QJRZ2205）
