水生态学杂志2025，Vol.46Issue(3)：111-120,10.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202304030093
澜沧江上游5座梯级水库坝前鱼类空间分布格局
Spatial Distribution of Fish Above Five Cascaded Reservoirs in the Upper Lancang River
摘要
Abstract
The design and construction of fish passage facilities benefits from an understanding of fish distribution patterns.In this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of the fish community above five cascaded reservoir dams in the upper reaches of Lancang River(from upstream to downstream:Wu-nonglong,Lidi,Huangdeng,Dahuaqiao and Miaowei Reservoirs)were investigated with BioSonics DT-X EXTERME split-beam echo sounder and multi-mesh gillnets in the summer of 2019(August)and the spring of 2020(May).Meanwhile,we analyzed the importance of fish species in the community by using relative the importance index,and the relationship of fish density and water environmental factors were explored using Pearson correlation analysis.We aimed to provide scientific data for the design and construction of fish passages on the upper Lancang River.A total of 19 fish species from 13 genera,6 families and 3 orders were collected during the investigation,with dominance by Cypriniformes(11 species,57.9%of the total species),followed by Cobitidae(3 species,15.8%).The number of fish species collected in the Wunonglong,Lidi,Huangdeng,Dahuaqiao and Miaowei reservoirs were 6,8,5,10 and 6,respectively.The index of relative importance shows that the dominant species were Schizothorax and Triplophysa.Fish densities(ind/m³)above the dams of Wunonglong,Lidi,Huangdeng,Dahuaqiao and Miaowei Reservoirs in spring were(8.3±5.7)×10-3,(10.5±5.3)×10-3,(12.0±6.7)×10-3,(11.1±5.3)×10-3,and(5.7±4.5)×10-3,respectively,and in summer were(5.1±2.3)×10-3,(6.6±7.2)×10-3,(14.7±16.8)×10-3,(5.8±8.0)×10-3 and(5.2±4.5)×10-3,respectively.The spatial distribution of fish community was uneven in the investigation area and Pearson correlation analysis showed that fish density was significantiy negatively correlated(P<0.05)with the distance to the nearest shore,except in Wunonglong reservoir.However,there was a highly significant negative correlation(P<0.01)between the fish density and the distance to the dam in Wunonglong reservoir,but the correlation was not significant(P>0.05)in the other 4 reservoirs.The vertical distribution pattern of the fish community shows a similar tendency in all 5 of the cascaded reservoirs:fish abundance decreased with increasing water depth,and 69.5%-93.5%fish inhabited in the upper layer(0-30 m),and fish density seldom exceeded 6.7×10-3 ind/m³ when water depth exceeded 30 m.There was a highly significant(P<0.01)negative correlation between fish density and mean water depth along the transects.In summary,we suggest that the upstream outlet and downstream entrance of the fish passage facilities should be as close as possible to areas that fish prefer.It would decrease fish recovery time after climbing the fish passage and make finding suitable shelter easier,thus increasing the probability of successful passage.关键词
梯级水库/鱼类/过鱼设施/空间分布/澜沧江Key words
cascaded reservoirs/fish/fish passage facilities/spatial distribution/Lancang River分类
水产学引用本文复制引用
陈娜,连玉喜,秦鑫,杨延东,熊定松,熊鹰,陈柏言..澜沧江上游5座梯级水库坝前鱼类空间分布格局[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(3):111-120,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年基金(31902377) （31902377）
澜沧江流域集运鱼系统工程工艺设计相关工作(HY2017/D19). （HY2017/D19）
