土木与环境工程学报（中英文）2025，Vol.47Issue(3)：79-90,12.DOI:10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2023.127
大足石刻北山佛湾诃利帝母造像风化机理
Weathering mechanism of the Hariti Statue in Fowan of the Beishan Rock Carvings at Dazu
摘要
Abstract
The Hariti Statue in Fowan of the Beishan Rock Carvings at Dazu has a very high cultural,historical and artistic value,however its weathering is serious,and the statue of the long-term preservation is facing a serious challenge.In order to study the weathering mechanism of the Hariti Statue,this paper made a detailed investigation on the diseases of statues.The samples of weathered dust were collected from the surface of the rock mass of the Hariti Statue for X-ray diffraction(XRD)and ion chromatography(IC)analysis,which tested the mineral composition and the content and composition of the soluble salts.The meteorological parameters such as air temperature,relative humidity,rainfall and the concentration of atmospheric pollutants such as sulfur dioxide(SO2),nitrogen dioxide(NO2),2.5-micrometer Particulate Matter(PM2.5),inhalable particles(PM10)in the study area were monitored for a long time by the integrated meteorological and air quality monitoring station.The results of disease investigation showed that dust and chalking flaking were the most important diseases to the stone and painting of the statue.XRD test showed that the mineral composition was dominated by quartz,plagioclase feldspar and gypsum.These mineral components have a large degree of weathering,and some components such as gypsum are susceptible to the decomposition under chemical weathering by various acids.IC analysis showed high content of sulfate ion(SO42-),nitrate Ion(NO3-)and chloride ion(Cl-),whose acidic corrosion and salinization accelerate the weathering and disintegration of the artifactual minerals.The results of environmental monitoring showed that the area was in the high humidity range of 70%-80%.The air temperature fluctuates greatly depending on the season,and the maximum temperature in the area of the statue is over 40℃in summer.The hot and humid environment is apt to induce the weathering of rock cultural heritage,and when the temperature fluctuation is accompanied by the change of humidity,the risk of weathering would be increased.The air pollution in the statue area is serious,among which atmospheric particulate matters are the most important pollution factors.The chemicals in particulate matter along with acidic gaseous pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 will catalyze the erosion of minerals on rock surfaces.关键词
大足石刻/湿热地区/石质文物/风化/环境因素Key words
Dazu rock carvings/hot and humid regions/stone cultural heritage/weathering/environmental factors分类
土木建筑引用本文复制引用
雷雨,刘欢,王淑婉,仉文岗,刘猛,蒋思维,陈卉丽,林思成..大足石刻北山佛湾诃利帝母造像风化机理[J].土木与环境工程学报（中英文）,2025,47(3):79-90,12.基金项目
重庆市大足区科技发展项目(DZKJ,2021ABB1001) （DZKJ,2021ABB1001）
重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0001) （CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0001）
重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项项目(cstc2021jxjl00004) Chongqing Dazu District Science and Technology Development Project(No.DZKJ,2021ABB1001) （cstc2021jxjl00004）
Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0001) （No.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0001）
Chongqing Municipal Scientific Research Institute Performance Incentive Guidance Project(No.cstc2021jxjl00004) （No.cstc2021jxjl00004）
