现代纺织技术2025，Vol.33Issue(5)：10-21,12.DOI:10.19398∕j.att.202407048
聚氨酯材料在新型智能纺织服装领域的研究进展
Research progress of polyurethane materials in the field of new intelligent textile and clothing
摘要
Abstract
Polyurethane,abbreviated as PU,is a polymer material formed by the addition polymerization of isocyanates and polyhydric alcohols.It is widely used in the field of textiles.Since DuPont achieved industrial spinning production of PU materials in 1959,PU-based elastic fibers have been significantly applied in in high-end clothing chemical fiber fields such as outdoor clothing,sportswear,swimwear,and casual wear.PU materials are not only equipped with excellent mechanical strength,elasticity and abrasion resistance,but also show good interfacial adhesion ability.In the technological innovation of intelligent textile and clothing,PU materials play an increasingly important role,promoting the development of smart wearable clothing. The various applications of PU materials in the field of intelligent textile and clothing focus on shape memory fibers,conductive sensing fabrics and environmentally responsive textiles.Shape memory PU-based fibers utilize temperature and humidity changes to achieve morphological memory,and are widely used in wrinkle-resistant,non-ironing,and waterproof apparel.Conductive sensing fabrics are prepared through methods such as coating,doping spinning,electrospinning,and blended weaving,achieving integrated electronic skin and health monitoring functions.Environmentally responsive PU-based fabrics,on the other hand,have been applied in clothing that adapts to different environmental conditions by introducing light responsive,pH responsive,humidity responsive,and heat responsive units.This article also explores the application of PU-based multifunctional coatings in flame retardancy,antibiosis,radiational cooling,and leatherette imitation,demonstrating the important role of PU materials in promoting the development of intelligent textiles. In recent years,the continuous innovation of PU-based materials and intelligent machining technology has facilitated the development of intelligent textile and clothing.The biocompatibility,biodegradability,excellent mechanical strength,and good interfacial adhesion properties of PU-based materials have shown great potential in the processing of shape memory fabrics,smart wearable apparel,environmentally responsive fabrics,and multifunctional textile apparel.However,there are still challenges in integrating intelligent PU-based fibers and functional coatings into daily clothing in a low-cost,sustainable,and batch-processable manner.In future research,it is necessary to focus on the industrial validation of PU-based intelligent textiles,comprehensively evaluate their wearability,and accelerate the synthesis of biomass PU and the development of green PU-based textiles to achieve the vision of smart living.关键词
聚氨酯/智能化/纺织品/纤维/涂料Key words
polyurethane/intelligent/textiles/fibers/coatings分类
化学工程引用本文复制引用
姚怡,金子敏,蒙冉菊,高慧英..聚氨酯材料在新型智能纺织服装领域的研究进展[J].现代纺织技术,2025,33(5):10-21,12.基金项目
教育部中外人文交流中心与纺织服装(丝绸)行业中外人文交流研究院2023年度人文交流专项研究课题(YJYY202308) （丝绸）
