农业研究与应用2025，Vol.38Issue(2)：118-127,10.DOI:10.20191/j.cnki.2095-0764.2025.02.002
不同绿肥翻压还田对水稻生长的影响及节肥效果
Effects of Different Green Manure Incorpora-tions on Rice Growth and Fertilizer-Saving Efficiency
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Planting green manure and returning it to the field is an important mea-sure to maintain and improve soil fertility,but there are not many studies on the effect of green ma-nure on fertilizer saving after different varieties of green manure are returned to the field.This study aimed to investigate the effects of planting different varieties of green manure in winter fallow and green manure incorporation in spring plough on rice growth,rice yield,soil physicochemical prop-erties and fertilizer-saving efficiency.[Method]Large areas of green manure crops,dual-purpose rapeseed(Brassica napus L.),hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth var.glabrescens)and Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)were planted in winter fallow paddy field for incorporation in spring plough.Four fertilization treatments were set for each manure variety:(1)formula fertilizer(FF),the application amount was urea 120 kg/hm2,calcium superphosphate 45 kg/hm2,and potassium chloride 90 kg/hm2 as control(CK),(2)FF+22.5 t/hm2green manure incorporation,(3)90％FF+22.5 t/hm2 green manure incorporation,and(4)80％FF+22.5 t/hm2 green manure incorpora-tion.Their effects on rice growth stages,agronomic traits,yield and soil physicochemical proper-ties were observed to determine the optimal fertilizer reduction rate for different green manure incor-porations.[Result]The experiment results showed that rice growth process in rapeseed,hairy vetch and Chinese milk vetch incorporation treatments were consistent with that in CK.Green manure in-corporation with appropriate fertilizer application could promote rice growth,increase yield and im-prove soil physicochemical properties.For rapeseed,the manure incorporation with 90％FF showed the best result,increa-sing the effective panicles by 9 200 panicles/hm2,seed-setting rate by 0.5 per-centage,1000-grain weight by 0.67 g and actual grain yield by 450 kg/hm2or 5.83％in rice,while improving organic matter by 6.4 g/kg,total nitrogen by 0.09 g/kg and available potassium by 5 mg/kg in soil;for V.villosa Roth var.glabrescens,the manure incorporation with 90％FF also showed the best effect,increasing plant height by 9.8 cm,effective panicles by 429 000/hm2,1000-grain weight by 0.33 g and actual grain yield by 674 kg/hm2 or 9.34％;for Chinese milk vetch,the manure incorporation with 80％FF performed the best,increasing effective panicles by 555 000/hm2,filled grains per panicle by 22％,seed-setting rate by 2.1 percentages,and actual grain yield by 459 kg/hm2(6.19％),while enhancing soil organic matter by 1.9 g/kg,total nitrogen by 0.17 g/kg,available phosphorus by 10.9 mg/kg and available potassium by 13 mg/kg.[Conclu-sion]Green manure incorporation showed no adverse effects on normal rice growth processes.When combined with appropriate fertilizer application,it helped increase effective panicles,im-prove seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight,thereby increasing yield in rice.It is also beneficial for improvement of soil fertility and physicochemical properties,especially for increasing the con-tent of soil organic matter.Among the three green manures,Chinese milk vetch incorporation showed the best fertilizer-saving effects,followed by hairy vetch and rapeseed.Suitable green ma-nure crops should be selected to substitute appropriate amounts of chemical fertilizers according to local conditions.关键词
绿肥/翻压还田/水稻/节肥效果Key words
Green manure/incorporation/rice/fertilizer-saving efficiency分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
何明菊,刘文奇,覃杨华,黄树生,陈丽清,卢菊荣..不同绿肥翻压还田对水稻生长的影响及节肥效果[J].农业研究与应用,2025,38(2):118-127,10.基金项目
2022年广西农业科技自筹经费项目(Z2022163). （Z2022163）
