中国妇幼健康研究2025，Vol.36Issue(5)：38-44,7.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5293.2025.05.006
足月小于胎龄儿24月龄内体格发育及营养状况研究
The study on physical development and nutritional status of full-term small for gestational age(SGA)infants within 24 months of age
摘要
Abstract
Objective To explore the changes in physical development and nutritional status of full-term small-for-gestational-age(SGA)infants within 24 months of age,providing scientific evidence for timely intervention and management.Methods A total of 89370 infants who underwent health check-ups in the Child Health Department of a hospital from January 2018 to December 2024 were selected as study subjects.They were divided into two groups based on their birth conditions:the SGA group(n=9 767)and the appropriate for gestational age(AGA)group(n=79 603).Basic health data and physical examination data at different months of age were collected for all subjects.The t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the physical development status(including length,weight,head circumference,BMI)and nutritional status(including underweight,normal,overweight,and obesity)of infants in the two groups at different ages.Results At 1 month of age,the length,weight,head circumference,and BMI of infants in the SGA group were significantly lower than those in the AGA group(t=53.36,40.23,34.89,and 26.50,respectively,all P＜0.05).At 3,6,12,18,and 24 months of age,the length(t-values ranged from 17.72 to 34.13),weight(t-values ranged from 14.62 to 26.48),head circumference(t-values ranged from 12.23 to 23.68),and BMI(t-values ranged from 2.28 to 10.82)of infants in the SGA group were also significantly lower than those in the AGA group(all P＜0.05).From 1 to 24 months of age,as the infants grew older,the proportion of infants with normal nutritional status increased in both groups,while the proportions of underweight,overweight,and obesity decreased.In the SGA group,the proportion of infants with normal nutritional status increased from 88.5％(1 month)to 96.1％(24 months)(x2=216.64,P＜0.001).In the AGA group,the proportion increased from 88.6％(1 month)to 91.5％(24 months)(x2=2 191.56,P＜0.001).In the SGA group,the proportion of girls with normal nutritional status was higher than that of boys(86.7％ vs.84.9％,x2=18.51,P＜0.001).In the AGA group,the proportion of girls with normal nutritional status was also higher than that of boys(85.0％ vs.81.3％,x2=253.71,P＜0.001).Conclusion By 24 months of age,the nutritional status of SGA infants has caught up to that of full-term AGA infants.However,in terms of physical development,full-term small for gestational age infants still have not reached the level of full-term appropriate for gestational age infants.These findings provide support for timely intervention and management of infants with poor physical development and nutritional status.关键词
足月小于胎龄儿/0～24月龄/体格发育/营养状况Key words
full-term small-for-gestational-age infant/0-24 months of age/physical development/nutritional status分类
预防医学引用本文复制引用
张楠,高雪婷,罗丹,屈鹏飞,王雯,滕炜..足月小于胎龄儿24月龄内体格发育及营养状况研究[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2025,36(5):38-44,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(82103924) （82103924）
