南方建筑Issue(5)：67-75,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2025.05.007
存量时期沿海城市避难场所的用途管制探索
Exploration of Use Control for Coastal Urban Shelters in the Era of Inventory:A Case Study from the Perspective of Land Development Rights
摘要
Abstract
Coastal cities in the era of inventory-based urbanization face the dual challenges of economic transformation and disaster governance.In response,it is imperative to shift the land economic development paradigm from incremental expansion to the optimization of existing urban inventory,and proactively address the rising frequency and severity of natural and human-induced disasters.In this context,shelters,which are core components of resilient urban construction,should be an important instrument for urban renewal and disaster governance.However,shelters face poor renewal,delayed maintenance,and weak use control due to the insufficient intervention of market mechanisms,making it difficult to meet the urgent demands in the inventory renewal stage.This study explores a more efficient,dynamic,and fair use control way to promote sustainable renewal of shelters in coastal cities.To do this,the historical evolution of shelter construction in coastal cities was examined systematically through literature and policy review,and the objective law that usage control demands shift from single"planar emergency"to comprehensive"three-dimensional responses"was disclosed.This trend requires a more refined and modernized use control mode.Moreover,this study thoroughly analyzed the current prominent problems of shelters in coastal cities;for example,the comprehensive effect of spaces is underexplored,the single construction mode of government is difficult to continue,and the traditional planning mode cannot adapt to the era of inventory.Combined with the theory of land economics,it points to a lack of marketization activity of land resources due to public attributes of shelters and the government monopoly development mode,thus further restricting the implementation of use control.To solve these problems effectively,the reform idea of use control based on"reallocation of multiple rights and interests"was proposed.Guided by the theory of land development rights,a fundamental framework of shelter use control was established.Specifically,this framework covers the authentic rights of subjects,path configuration,and strategy correction:(1)responsibility,rights and interests of the government,market,and social subjects in land development rights of shelters are determined,and a multi-subject cooperation platform with explicit rights and responsibilities is built.(2)A use control way based on regional differences and multi-functional needs is established to promote local and trans-boundary allocations of land development rights.(3)Incentives and constraint strategies of land development rights are adjusted dynamically.It can realize maximum use control effects through marketization means,such as floor area ratio reward,tax preference,and administrative punishment.Besides,the spatial"constraint"and"incentive"mode based on positive-negative list guidance is further proposed.Unsuitable behaviors are controlled strictly through the negative list to prevent embezzlement of disaster prevention spaces.Conversely,it encourages market subjects to participate in construction and operation through the positive list to improve the comprehensive benefits of space.Meanwhile,the intelligent disaster prevention and energization path is proposed to adapt to the development trend of the smart city,and an intelligent disaster prevention platform is built through advanced technologies like big data,the Internet of Things,and cloud computing,thus realizing normal and emergency high-efficiency digital management of shelters.Finally,it concludes that in the era of inventory,the use control transformation of shelters must give comprehensive considerations to economic and public properties of land development rights and establish a use control mode integrating multi-subject participation,multi-dimensional regulation,and intelligent energization.This is beneficial in improving disaster prevention and reducing shelters' abilities,and may facilitate urban resilience construction and sustainable development effectively.This study expands the application scenes of the theory of land development rights in urban public spaces,and provides theoretical support and practical references to disaster prevention resilience planning in coastal cities.关键词
沿海城市/避难场所更新/用途管制/土地发展权/防灾减灾Key words
coastal cities/shelters renewal/use control/land development rights/disaster prevention and reduction分类
土木建筑引用本文复制引用
马程伟,文超祥,师子乾..存量时期沿海城市避难场所的用途管制探索[J].南方建筑,2025,(5):67-75,9.基金项目
厦门大学研究生田野调查基金项目(2025FG014):福建海岸带灾后社会调查与韧性评估研究——以"台风-风暴潮-洪涝"灾害链为例 （2025FG014）
福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2023J01009):基于脆弱性评估的海岸带空间韧性安全规划管控技术研究 （2023J01009）
国家社科基金重大研究专项研究成果(22VHQ009). （22VHQ009）
