中国蔬菜Issue(5)：150-158,9.DOI:10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2024.5045
湖北省莲藕主产区施肥现状调查与分析
Investigation and Analysis of Present Fertilization Status in the Main Lotus Production Areas of Hubei Province
摘要
Abstract
Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)is one of the most important aquatic vegetables in Hubei Province and even in China,and rational fertilization is an important measure to ensure lotus yield.In this article,the current situation of lotus(including developed rhizome lotus,seed lotus and rhizome lotus)fertilization through a questionnaire survey in Hubei Province from 2021 to 2022 was analyzed.The results showed the present fertilization of lotus mainly relies on chemical fertilizers,among them,the proportion of compound fertilizers applied by farmers was over 93％,and the proportion of organic fertilizer application was 37.7％.The average pure nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5),and potassium(K2O)application rates for developed rhizome lotus were 462,265,and 305 kg·hm-2,respectively,and for seed lotus and rhizome lotus were 305,160,184 kg·hm-2 and 496,376,and 239 kg·hm-2,respectively.There are significant differences among different farmers,and insufficient,suitable,and excessive fertilizer application coexisted.Fertilizer management mainly focused on topdressing,with 2.5 times,2.6 times and 5.7 times for developed rhizome lotus,seed lotus and rhizome lotus,respectively.Manual application was the main fertilization method,with less than 40％ of farmers using mechanical fertilization.Further analysis of the relationship between fertilizer application and yield revealed that,it's very difficult to achieve both higher yield and higher economic benefits by continuous increasing fertilizer application after reaching a certain threshold.Overall,there existed some problems,such as insufficient application of organic fertilizer,excessive fertilization by part of farmers,high proportion of phosphorus fertilizer,lack of specialized fertilizers,and unreasonable fertilization methods in lotus fertilization in Hubei Province.It is recommended to improve soil fertility by increasing the proportion of organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer,applying the base fertilizer deeply,and accelerating the application of lotus specific fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer.By optimizing the fertilizer dosage and formulation,and improving the fertilization method,the goal of cost saving and efficiency increase can be achieved.关键词
莲藕/肥料/产量/问卷调查/湖北省Key words
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn./fertilizer/yield/questionnaire investigation/Hubei Province引用本文复制引用
朱丹丹,吴庆丰,董本尧,李峰,孙亚林,冉双,李俊,侯俊,刘冬碧,蒋名鹏,王向平..湖北省莲藕主产区施肥现状调查与分析[J].中国蔬菜,2025,(5):150-158,9.基金项目
湖北省博士后创新实践岗位项目,武汉市知识创新专项(2023020201020432),湖北省科技服务园艺产业链"515"行动资助项目 （2023020201020432）
