中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(9)：1735-1748,14.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.005
二氢赤霉素与秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦分蘖成穗与产量的影响
The Combined Effects of 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A5 and Straw Mulching on Tillering and Grain Yield of Dryland Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Seasonal drought during winter and spring is a significant factor limiting the number of fertile spike and grain yield of wheat in Southwest China.This study investigated the combined effects of straw mulching and 16,17-Dihydro gibberellin on tillering in wheat,spike formation,and grain yield of dryland wheat,which would enrich the theoretical framework of tillering and spike formation regulation,and provide a theoretical basis for stable and high yield of wheat in the dryland farming system.[Method]The experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024 at the Renshou experimental station,which is a typical hilly dryland farming system in Southwest China.The straw mulching(SM,straw mulching with no-tillage;NSM,no straw mulching)and 16,17-Dihydro gibberellin(DHGA100,spraying exogenous 16,17-Dihydro gibberellin A5 at the three-leaf stage;DHGA0,spraying water at the three-leaf stage),In view of the current situation that soil drought in the hilly and dryland of Southwest China inhibits wheat tillering and spike formation,resulting in insufficient fertile spikes of wheat,the effects of straw mulching and 16,17-Dihydro gibberellin A5 on wheat tillering,matter accumulation and endogenous hormone content were analyzed,exploration treatments were employed to evaluated their combined effects on the tillering and grain yield of dryland wheat.[Result]Compared with no mulching,straw mulching increased the fertile spikes and grain yield of wheat by 13.16%and 20.64%,respectively;DHGA100 applicated at the three-leaf stage increased the fertile spikes and grain yield of wheat by 9.7%and 14.37%,respectively,compared with no DHGA0 application.Straw mulching combined with DHGA100 extended the effective tillering period,promoted the occurrence of the first tiller(T1 tillers),and increased the tillering capability and tillering emerging rate of T1 tillers,ultimately increasing fertile spikes and grain yield.Compared with NSM,SM increased the tillering ability,tiller emerging rate,and fertile spikes by 46.02%,21.21%,and 13.41%,respectively;DHGA100 increased these parameters by 22.56%,16.18%,and 9.72%,respectively,compared with DHGA0.For every 0.1 increase in tillering ability per plant,the number of fertile spikes increased by 2.84%;for every 0.1 increase in tillering survival rate of tillers after stem extension,the fertile spikes increased by 19.3%;for every 10%increase in tiller emerging rate of T1 tillers,the fertile spikes increased by 14%.Both straw mulching and DHGA could regulate the endogenous hormone levels in tillers and increase the proportion of tiller dry matter to total plant dry matter.Compared with NSM,SM increased the ratios of ZR/ABA and GA3/ABA in tillers by 52.66%and 38.68%and decreased the ratio of IAA/ABA by 11.10%.Under SM treatment,DHGA100 increased these ratios by 14.06%,21.67%,and 31.67%,respectively,compared with DHGA0.[Conclusion]Exogenous 16,17-Dihydro gibberellin A5 applicated to straw mulching at the three-leaf stage promoted the occurrence and spike formation of T1 tillers via ABA/GA signaling,thereby increasing fertile spikes and grain yield of wheat.Therefore,the combination of straw mulching(8 000 kg·hm-2)with the application of 16,17-Dihydro gibberellin(100 mg·L-1)at the three-leaf stage was a promising approach for high and stable grain yield of wheat in the dryland farming system.关键词
冬小麦/二氢赤霉素/秸秆覆盖/分蘖成穗/产量Key words
winter wheat/16,17-Dihydro gibberellin A5/straw mulching/tillering and spike formation/grain yield引用本文复制引用
蒲丽霞,张佳芮,叶建萍,黄秀兰,樊高琼,杨洪坤..二氢赤霉素与秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦分蘖成穗与产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(9):1735-1748,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(32201904)、四川省"十四五"重点研发计划(2021YFYZ0002)、四川省"十四五"重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0014) （32201904）
