中国人口·资源与环境2025，Vol.35Issue(3)：116-125,10.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20250131
基因驱动生物环境释放的多维风险与法律治理框架构建
Multidimensional risk and legal governance framework construction for environmen-tal release of gene drive organisms
摘要
Abstract
In recent years,gene drive technology has advanced rapidly.The technology is primarily in the stage of laboratory research and confined field trials,with gene drive organisms not being released into the environment on a large scale.However,its application prospects have garnered significant attention.While gene drive technology demonstrates immense potential in eradicating vector-borne diseases,controlling crop pests,and mitigating invasive species,its proactive invasiveness,lethality,and technical safety concerns may also trigger latent risks in the fields of ecological environment,public health,and biosafety.Specifically,gene drive organisms could dis-rupt ecosystem balance by affecting non-target species through cross-spatial or cross-species spread.Gene drive systems may induce re-sistance in target populations or inadvertently carry other diseases,posing negative public health impacts.Additionally,intentional re-lease of gene drive organisms could provoke biosafety crises.Compared to genetically modified or gene-editing technologies,gene drive technology carries higher probabilities of risk occurrence and more severe consequences,potentially even triggering global safety inci-dents.Currently,international legal governance discussions on gene drive organisms remain inadequate.While international treaties like the Convention on Biological Diversity provide preliminary regulatory frameworks,they lack concrete implementation rules.Mean-while,the European Union,the United States,the United Kingdom,and other regions or countries have yet to establish specific regulato-ry responses for gene drive organisms but continue relying on existing genetically modified or gene-editing frameworks.However,with the gradual relaxation of regulatory policies for gene drive organisms in various countries,as well as the widespread issues in current biotech governance,such as unclear regulatory mandates,fragmented coordination mechanisms,and insufficient post-release oversight,gene drive organisms face risks of weak or even absent governance.In particular,China confronts challenges due to its immature bio-tech governance framework and struggles to address gene drive organism regulation effectively.To address these problems,it is crucial to adopt agile governance principles,reform the precautionary principle,and establish a dynamic and adaptive governance framework for the environmental release of gene drive organisms.Key measures include:dynamically updating the regulatory framework through flexible legislative strategies,restructuring the multi-stakeholder regulatory landscape,strengthening interdepartmental coordination mechanisms,promoting inclusive governance by refining community consent frameworks,and enhancing international collaboration to improve global governance mechanisms.关键词
基因驱动/生物安全/环境风险/预防原则/法律治理Key words
gene drive/biosafety/environmental risk/precautionary principle/legal governance分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
吕建伟,邱成梁..基因驱动生物环境释放的多维风险与法律治理框架构建[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2025,35(3):116-125,10.基金项目
国家社会科学基金青年项目"新型人类胚胎研究的法律规制"(批准号:23CFX039). （批准号:23CFX039）
