中国人口·资源与环境2025，Vol.35Issue(3)：126-138,13.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20241013
中国水权制度改革的农民增收效应:来自水权试点的证据
Effects of water rights system reform on rural households'income growth in China:evidence from the national water rights pilot
摘要
Abstract
Water rights system reform is a significant institutional innovation within China's socialist market economic system reform and water resource management.Ensuring an increase in rural residents'income is a crucial prerequisite for promoting and advancing water rights reform.Using provincial data from 2007 to 2021 and microdata from farming households,this study utilized the synthetic control model and the difference-in-differences method to examine the impact of the water rights pilot on farmers'income.It analyzed the results through two main focuses of the reform:water rights certification and water rights transaction circulation.The findings re-vealed that:① Water rights reform based on certification registration significantly increased rural residents'per capita disposable in-come by approximately 2.2%at a 5%significance level,compared to areas without reform.In contrast,areas focused on water rights transaction circulation did not show a significant positive effect on farmers'income.② Mechanistically,water rights certification pri-marily boosted farmers'income by improving agricultural production methods,enhancing irrigation technologies,and increasing invest-ments in agricultural fixed assets.Water rights transactions,however,mainly promoted rural economic diversification and non-agricul-tural employment.③ Further analysis of the lack of significant income increases from water rights transactions suggested that this stemmed from the quasi-public good nature of water resources,which required dependance on institutional design.During the imple-mentation of water rights transactions,enhancing farmers'propensity to trade water rights,increasing economic incentives for transac-tions,strengthening rural organizational support,and improving the market environment were necessary to harness the positive effects of market-based water rights transactions on farmers'income.Based on these findings,this study recommends that China should further advance water rights reform based on certification registration,clarify water rights ownership in rural areas,increase support for water rights reform to reduce household transaction costs,and gradually address barriers in water rights transactions.Additionally,improving institutional design and strengthening policy guidance can promote a coordinated operation of water rights management between govern-ment regulation and market mechanisms.关键词
水权改革/合成控制法/农村居民收入/水权确权登记/水权交易流转Key words
water rights system reform/synthetic control model/rural residents'income/water rights registration/water rights transac-tion circulation分类
经济学引用本文复制引用
章恒全,周钦,张陈俊,方舟,程常高..中国水权制度改革的农民增收效应:来自水权试点的证据[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2025,35(3):126-138,13.基金项目
国家社会科学基金项目"'水-能-粮-经-生'耦合下黄河流域农业节水效率测度与提升优化研究"(批准号:23BGLI88). （批准号:23BGLI88）
