摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The aim of this paper is to systematically sort out the preparation technology of plant-based activated carbon,analyse the influence of key process parameters such as carbonisation,activation and modification on its performance,and assess its application potential through economic analysis in order to promote its large-scale application in the field of power generation.[Methods]Focusing on the preparation process of plant-based activated carbon,we systematically compare the effects of different carbonisation methods,such as direct carbonisation,hydrothermal carbonisation and microwave carbonisation,and different activation methods,such as physical,chemical,physicochemical,microwave-assisted chemical and catalytic activation,on the pore structure,specific surface area and adsorption performance of the activated carbon;we also explore the regulation mechanism of surface functional groups and selectivity by physical,chemical and metal-loaded modification methods;we elaborate its specific application scenarios based on the needs of the power generation field.The study also discusses the modulation mechanism of surface functional groups and selectivity by physical,chemical and metal loading modification methods.[Results]The study shows that(1)direct carbonisation is faster than hydrothermal carbonisation,but with higher energy consumption,but hydrothermal carbonisation has lower energy consumption and wider characteristics of activated carbon,so it has a wider application;(2)physical activation can effectively reduce the activation temperature by using O2 as an activator.Chemical activation and physicochemical activation mainly regulate the surface properties and pore size distribution of activated carbon,respectively;microwave-assisted and catalytic activation can improve the activation reaction process to a certain extent;microwave-assisted activation can reduce the surface acidity of activated carbon,and catalytic activation can regulate the pore size distribution of activated carbon to a certain range according to the difference in the sizes of the metal-oxide catalyst particles;(3)the economic analysis shows that combining the gasification with the gasification can reduce the energy consumption.heating/power generation can reduce energy consumption,and the production cost of plant-based activated carbon can be reduced by 30%～50%compared with coal-based,and it's more economical(4)in the field of power generation,plant-based activated carbon can adsorb dioxin with an efficiency of more than 99%and can be desulphurised and denitrified at the same time;as a catalyst carrier for electrolysis of water,it can increase the rate of hydrogen production by 45%;and as a supercapacitor material,it can achieve an energy density of 136.6 W·h/kg,which is significantly better than traditional materials.[Conclusion]Plant-based activated carbon,with its high specific surface area,adjustable pore structure and rich surface functional groups,shows a broad application prospect in the fields of flue gas treatment,electrocatalysis and energy storage in power plants.In the future,it is necessary to further optimise the energy efficiency and economy of the preparation process,and to promote its technical large-scale development,so as to help the low-carbon development of the power industry.关键词
植物基活性炭/制备/炭化/活化/改性/应用Key words
plant-based activated carbon/preparation/carbonisation/activation/modification/application分类
能源与动力
