电力科技与环保2025，Vol.41Issue(3)：437-452,16.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.03.009
高比能钠离子电池正极材料低温性能研究进展
Introduction to high energy density sodium-ion battery cathode materials and analysis of their low-temperature performance
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),with advantages such as abundant sodium resources,low cost,and high safety,are considered a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries.However,their poor low-temperature performance(e.g.,capacity retention below 60％at-20℃ and reduced charging efficiency)severely limits their applications.This paper aims to review recent advances in high-energy-density cathode materials for SIBs,analyze the mechanisms behind their low-temperature performance degradation,and explore modification strategies to enhance their viability in extreme environments like energy storage systems and electric vehicles.[Methods]The study systematically evaluates the limitations of three mainstream cathode materials transition metal oxides,polyanion compounds,and Prussian blue analogs—under low-temperature conditions.Key failure mechanisms include increased electrolyte viscosity,structural contraction of electrode materials,and interfacial impedance growth.To address these issues,three modification strategies are investigated.[Results]The modification strategies significantly improved low-temperature performance:1)Surface Coating:AlOx-coated O3-NaMn0.6Al0.4O2(NMA@AlOx)retained 83.2％capacity after 100 cycles at-20℃;carbon-coated Na3MnZr(PO4)3@C-rGO delivered 94.7 mA·h/g at-15℃ with 79.6％capacity retention after 1500 cycles.2)Ion Doping:Nb-doped P2-Na0.75Ni0.31Mn0.67Nb0.02O2(P2-NaMNNb)maintained 76％capacity after 1 800 cycles at-40℃ and 368 mA/g;K⁺-doped Na2KV2(PO4)3 achieved 72 mA·h/g at-25℃,outperforming undoped materials.3)Structural Optimization:Single-crystal O3-NaCrO2(NCO-AC)with(010)active facets retained 97.2％capacity after 100 cycles at-20℃;Prussian blue/carbon nanotube(PB/CNT)composites exhibited 52 mA·h/g at-25℃ under 6C rate.[Conclusion]The low-temperature performance of SIB cathodes can be markedly enhanced through surface coating,ion doping,and microstructural engineering.These strategies improve interfacial stability,lattice dynamics,and ion diffusion efficiency.However,challenges remain in electrolyte compatibility,long-term cyclability,and scalable production.Future research should integrate multidisciplinary approaches(e.g.,electrolyte optimization,multi-ion co-doping)to advance high-performance cathode materials and accelerate their commercialization for energy storage in extreme environments.关键词
钠离子电池/正极材料/低温性能/钠离子电池改性/商业化应用Key words
sodium-Ion batteries/cathode materials/low-temperature performance/modification of sodium-ion batteries/commercial applications分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
刘玉龙,曹仁可,夏继岩,王家顺,刘秀珍,刘朝孟,高宣雯..高比能钠离子电池正极材料低温性能研究进展[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(3):437-452,16.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52272194) （52272194）
