广西科学2025，Vol.32Issue(1)：27-36,10.DOI:10.13656/j.cnki.gxkx.20250529.001
广西封闭式海水养殖尾水污染排放特征及防治对策研究
Discharge Characteristics of Tailwater from Closed Mariculture and Prevention Measures in Guangxi
摘要
Abstract
This paper aims to understand the tailwater discharge characteristics of closed mariculture in Guan-gxi and reasons for the differences and to propose effective prevention measures.Large-scale monitoring was carried out in 2021 for pond,factory,and nursery modes.The concentrations of the main pollution factors in-cluding Suspended Solids(SS),Chemical Oxygen Demand(CODMn),Total Nitrogen(TN),Dissolved Inor-ganic Nitrogen(DIN),Total Phosphorus(TP),and Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus(DIP)were compared a-mong different mariculture modes and types.The Guangxi local standard "Discharge standard of tailwater for mariculture(DB45/T 2841-2024)" class Ⅰ emission limits,Nemerow index(N),and Nutrition Quality In-dex(NQI)were adopted for the comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the average concentra-tions and the over-limit rates of main pollution factors followed the descending order of pond＞nursery＞fac-tory,and the average concentrations and the over-limit rate of different types of pond aquaculture were in the order of shrimp monoculture＞polyculture＞fish monoculture＞crab monoculture.The sampling points with severe pollution or above accounted for 57.8％of the total sampling points,and those with NQI at the eu-trophication level accounted for 76.5％.Shrimp monoculture in ponds had the highest proportion of sampling points with heavy pollution or above and eutrophication levels,and factory mariculture had the lowest propor-tion of sampling points without heavy pollution and eutrophication levels.The tailwater discharge intensity from closed mariculture was related to the mariculture mode,species,density,technology and tailwater man-agement facilities.The pollution prevention and control measures are proposed regarding three aspects:classi-fication and treatment of tailwater,optimization of mariculture mode,and promotion of ecological culture,to strengthen the prevention and control of closed mariculture pollution and provide support for the continuous improvement of the environmental quality of nearshore marine areas.关键词
封闭式海水养殖/尾水/排放特征/防治对策Key words
closed mariculture/tailwater/discharge characteristics/prevention measures分类
环境科学引用本文复制引用
彭小燕,庞敏倩,彭梦微,舒俊林,陈志彪,蓝文陆,邓应彬..广西封闭式海水养殖尾水污染排放特征及防治对策研究[J].广西科学,2025,32(1):27-36,10.基金项目
广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD23026330),广西重点研发计划(桂科AB24010128),北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站科研能力建设项目(桂科23-026-271)和2023年广东省生态环境专项资金项目(GDEEMC-2023-36)资助. （桂科AD23026330）
