南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.49Issue(3)：153-162,10.DOI:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304042
濒危植物贵州金花茶繁育系统及传粉生物学研究
The reproductive system and pollination biology of endangered Camellia huana
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Camellia huana is a rare and endangered plant endemic to Guizhou province.It is only distributed near Shuangjiang Town,Ceheng County,Guizhou Province,and its natural population is in continuous decline.The floral characteristics,breeding system and pollination biology of C. huana were studied to reveal the life history characteristics of this species and explore the factors affecting its reproductive success,so as to provide scientific basis for the development of corresponding protection and utilization.[Method]In this study,the flowering biology,flower organ characteristics and breeding system,pollen viability,stigma acceptability,cross index and pollination mode of adult plants of C. huana were observed in the wild population and introduced cultivation population.[Result](1)C. huana bloomed from October to November and average flowering time per plant is 20.57 days.Each plant blossoms 20 flowers per day,and the average flowering time per plant was 139.71 flowers.The population flowering time was about 1-2 months.(2)It is a bisexual flower and 1-3 terminal or axillary flowers.The immature bud is relatively slow,the bud period is 12.47 days on average,and the single flowering period is 4-7 days.(3)The diameter and height of the corolla were 36.85 and 31.94 mm,respectively.The stalk length,calyx width and style length of the wild population were significantly longer than those of the introduced population,while the anther width was slightly smaller than that of the introduced population.(4)The pollen vitality begins at the early stamen showing stage,and they achieve their maximum vitality after the petals have unfolded,and then gradually weakened.Before withering,it still had vitality,but the vitality was weak.The stigma receptivity started from bloom and lasted for one to two days,and the pollen viability was high in the whole florescence.Male and female reproductive units in the duration of the encounter period,but the time is short.The stigma and anther are almost in the same position at the time of flowering,and the relative position of the stamen and style remained unchanged in the whole flowering process.(5)A study of the breeding system indicated that the pollen-ovule ratio was about 122.11,and the crossing index was three.The bagging experiments showed that C. huana was adapted to both wind and insect pollination,After dropping stigma with 10％(mass fraction)sucrose solution,the seed set rate of artificial cross-pollination was twice higher than that of natural pollination.The pollination insects were Dilichovespula saxonica,Vespa velutina and Apis cerana.In the breeding system of this species,out-crossing predominates,although partially self-compatible,it requires pollinators.[Conclusion]C. huana blooms in October to November,the population flowering period is relatively long,the single flower flowering period is 4-7 days,belongs to the bisexual flowers,some males premature and male and female,its breeding system is self-compatible,sometimes need pollinators,anemophilic and entomophilic mixed pollination type.关键词
贵州金花茶/开花特性/繁育系统/传粉生物学Key words
Camellia huana/flowering characteristics/breeding system/pollination biology分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
陈菊艳,李鹤,郭卫珍,徐超然,邓伦秀..濒危植物贵州金花茶繁育系统及传粉生物学研究[J].南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,49(3):153-162,10.基金项目
"百层次"人才黔科合平台人才[2020]6017号 （）
贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2252号) （黔科合支撑[2019]2252号）
贵州省林业局科研项目(黔林科合[2022]13号) （黔林科合[2022]13号）
贵州省林科院院长基金项目(贵林科合[2024]09号) （贵林科合[2024]09号）
贵州省林业局科研项目(黔林科合J字[2022]07号). （黔林科合J字[2022]07号）
