日用化学工业（中英文）2025，Vol.55Issue(5)：640-648,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.013
有机硅季铵盐表面活性剂的合成与发展
Synthesis and development of organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants
摘要
Abstract
Organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants not only have the excellent performance of silicone materials,but also have the bactericidal,softening and antistatic properties of quaternary ammonium groups.Therefore,they are multi-functional surfactants and have attracted much attention for many years.Currently,based on relevant domestic and foreign reports,there are a variety of preparation techniques for organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts.The common methods of synthesis of organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts are as follows:The substitution reactions between halogenated hydrocarbon-based silanes and tertiary amines,the ring-opening addition reactions between epoxy silanes and tertiary amines,free-radical polymerization reaction,sol-gel reaction,etc.To overcome the shortcoming of long reaction period for synthesizing organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts,microwave and high-pressure treatment and catalysts have been introduced to improve the reaction rate.In this review,an overview of the molecular structure,synthesis process and application fields for silicone quaternary ammonium surfactants has been provided,both domestically and internationally.Furthermore,the current research status,existing problems and future development direction of the products have also been discussed.关键词
季铵盐/有机硅/合成/表面活性剂/杀菌Key words
quaternary ammonium salt/silicone/synthesis/surfactant/bactericidal分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
孟祥吉,王婧如,王韵恺,智丽飞,王国永,杨佳茜..有机硅季铵盐表面活性剂的合成与发展[J].日用化学工业（中英文）,2025,55(5):640-648,9.基金项目
太原科技大学研究生教育创新项目(No.SY2023023) （No.SY2023023）
太原科技大学博士启动资金(No.20222010) （No.20222010）
