兽类学报2025，Vol.45Issue(3)：271-282,12.DOI:10.16829/j.slxb.150983
哺乳动物季节性精子发生的分子调控研究进展
Regulation of seasonal spermatogenesis in mammals
摘要
Abstract
To adapt to cyclical changes in their environment,mammals have developed different reproductive strategies over long periods of evolution.Seasonal changes in spermatogenesis are one of the typical adaptive features of seasonal-ly breeding animals.During the reproductive period,spermatogenic cells at all levels of the testicular spermatogenic epi-thelium differentiate in an orderly manner to produce a steady stream of spermatozoa,whereas during the nonreproduc-tive period,spermatogenic cell development is blocked and the testis degenerates.Seasonal spermatogenesis is cyclic in response to dynamic changes in hormone levels,a process that is tightly regulated by the photoperiod and the Hypotha-lamic-Pituitary-Gonadal(HPG)axis.As a major environmental signal regulating seasonal reproduction,photoperiod af-fects gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)neuronal activity through melatonin-mediated neurotransmission,which in turn acts on the gonads to regulate testosterone secretion and spermatogonial differentiation.In addition,thyroid hor-mones play a key role in the animal's response to light signaling and maintenance of the HPG axis.Within the gonads,spermatogenic cell development in non-reproducing animals exhibits different patterns of blockage,including reduced proliferative activity of spermatogonia,autophagy and spermatocyte apoptosis,and detachment,with testosterone-regu-lated changes in retinoic acid concentration playing a central role in the blockage of spermatogonial differentiation.This article summarizes the mechanisms by which key environmental factors,the reproductive axis,and the testicular micro-environment synergistically regulate seasonal spermatogenesis in mammals,outlining new findings on the regulation of seasonal reproduction in animals.This paper focuses on a more systematic review of the roles of testosterone-and retino-ic acid-regulated testicular microenvironments in seasonal spermatogenesis,with a view to providing reference informa-tion for the study of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of both on mammalian seasonal spermatogenesis,as well as an in-depth understanding of the physiology of reproduction and physiological ecology of veterinary species,and the devel-opment of techniques for the regulation of animal populations.关键词
哺乳动物/季节性精子发生/下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴/光周期Key words
Mammal/Seasonal spermatogenesis/Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis/Photoperiod分类
生物学引用本文复制引用
潘连红,贾功雪,杨其恩,王绪敏..哺乳动物季节性精子发生的分子调控研究进展[J].兽类学报,2025,45(3):271-282,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U22A20447) （U22A20447）
青海省"昆仑英才"·高端创新创业人才 （）
中国科学院青年创新促进会(2021432) （2021432）
