协和医学杂志2025，Vol.16Issue(3)：606-616,11.DOI:10.12290/xhyxzz.2025-0227
中国60～79岁老年人跌倒风险现状与相关因素分析:基于2024年全国横断面监测数据
Current Status and Correlated Factors of Fall Risk Among Chinese Elderly Aged 60-79:A 2024 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Analysis
摘要
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of fall risk among Chinese older adults,and to examine the roles of urban-rural differences,regional disparities,physical health status,and psychosocial factors in falls among this population,thereby providing evidence for tailored fall prevention strategies.Methods Using data from the 2024 National Routine Physical Fitness Surveillance,a multi-stage stratified sampling method was employed to recruit community-dwelling older adults aged 60-79 years across China.High fall-risk individuals were identified using the Chinese version of the self-rated fall risk question-naire,while demographic,physical health,and psychological indicators were collected via questionnaires and objective measurements.A generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)with province as a random effect was used to analyze fall risk factors.Results Among 7000 eligible participants(male:44.2％,female:55.8％),the sample comprised 2124(60-64 years),2014(65-69 years),1660(70-74 years),and 1202(75-79 years)individuals,with 58.4％from rural and 41.6％from urban areas.A total of 733(10.5％)were identified as high fall-risk,with higher prevalence among females(10.9％),urban residents(11.5％),and the oldest age group(75-79 years:12.4％).GLMM random-intercept logistic regression revealed that advanced age(OR=1.14,95％CI:1.02-1.26),urban residence(OR=1.14,95％CI:1.03-1.27),living without a partner(OR=1.97,95％CI:1.43-2.73),and increased 2-minute step test performance(OR=1.17,95％CI:1.06-1.30)were associated with elevated fall risk.Conversely,improved sleep quality(OR=0.75,95％CI:0.67-0.82),greatergrip strength(OR=0.85,95％CI:0.73-0.98),higher life satisfaction(OR=0.69,95％CI:0.62-0.76),increased exercise frequency(OR=0.92,95％CI:0.88-0.96),and regular partic-ipation in high-intensity leisure-time physical activity(OR=0.62,95％CI:0.45-0.84)were protective fac-tors.Conclusions The prevalence of high fall risk among Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged 60-79 years is 10.5％.Fall risk demonstrates significant associations with multiple factors including muscle strength,movement patterns,sleep quality,and social support.Strategies enhancing grip strength,promoting regular exercise and high-intensity leisure activities,improving sleep quality,fostering spousal support,and boosting life satisfaction may substantially reduce fall risk in this population.关键词
老年人/跌倒/现状/相关因素Key words
Chinese older adults/fall risk/current status/correlated factors分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
朱家荣,王晶晶,范超群,张旭,冯强..中国60～79岁老年人跌倒风险现状与相关因素分析:基于2024年全国横断面监测数据[J].协和医学杂志,2025,16(3):606-616,11.基金项目
国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本24-57) Fundamental Research Fund of China Institute of Sport Science(Basic 24-57) （基本24-57）
