厦门大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.64Issue(3)：461-471,11.DOI:10.6043/j.issn.0438-0479.202406021
台风天气下湄洲湾海域溢油扩散数值模拟分析
Numerical simulation analysis of oil spill dispersion in Meizhou Bay waters under typhoon weather
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The transportation of oil by ships poses a significant threat to aquatic environments.Once an oil spill occurs,it can cause immeasurable harm to water bodies.Given the frequent occurrence of oil spill accidents,studying the mechanisms of oil spill diffusion is crucial.This study aims to investigate the impact of typhoon weather on the diffusion mechanisms of marine oil spills and compare to those under regular wind conditions,providing a scientific basis for responding to oil spill incidents during typhoon weather.Meizhou Bay,located along the coast of Fujian,is a typhoon-prone area.During summer and autumn,it is frequently affected by typhoons with complex paths and strong wind speeds.These weather conditions presents complex challenges for oil spill dispersion and management.[Methods]Meizhou Bay was selected as the target area.This research employed a dual nested model approach,using two-dimensional shallow water equations as the basic control equations.A hydrodynamic model was established for the coastal waters of Fujian and Meizhou Bay based on an unstructured grid.The calculations of the model were evaluated with measured data,demonstrating that the model accurately reflects the tidal characteristics of the actual sea area,making it suitable for further studies on oil spill patterns in Meizhou Bay.The oil spill model,driven by the hydrodynamic model,was developed using the oil particle method to analyze the diffusion process and patterns of oil spills.The typhoon wind field was generated by combining the ERA5 background wind field with the Holland empirical formula for typhoon wind fields,and subsequently validated using data from typhoon Doksuri in 2023.The results indicated that the synthesized wind field could accurately reproduce typhoon conditions.By coupling tidal and wind fields,the study examined changes in oil slick area and thickness during four characteristic tidal moments under summer monsoon,winter monsoon,calm wind,and typhoon conditions.[Results]It is found that the movement of oil slick in Meizhou Bay is primarily determined by the combined effects of tidal fluctuations and wind fields.In the short term,tidal variations have a greater impact on the instantaneous movement of the oil slick.However,during prolonged drift periods,wind fields dominate,and the direction of oil slick diffusion usually aligns with the wind direction.Specifically,outside Meizhou Bay,strong hydrodynamics primarily drive the drift of oil slick.In the relatively enclosed waters inside the bay,weakened hydrodynamics suggest that the oil slick trajectory is subjected to stronger influence by wind fields.Comparing the first arrival time of oil slick onshore under typhoon conditions with three other regular wind conditions,it was found that the first arrival time of oil slick onshore was significantly reduced during typhoons across the four characteristic tidal moments,maximumly reduced 1.7 h,0.5 h,30.0 h,3.5 h at the flooding tide,high slack tide,ebbing tide,and low slack tide,respectively.This indicates that typhoon conditions significantly impact the speed and direction of oil slick movement.[Conclusion]This study summarizes the diffusion patterns of oil spills in Meizhou Bay under typhoon conditions,showing that the movement of oil slick is mainly influenced by tidal fluctuations and wind fields.Under typhoon conditions,the first arrival time of oil slick onshore is significantly shortened,demonstrating that typhoons enhance the speed of oil slick diffusion.These findings provide valuable insights for improving emergency preparedness and response strategies for marine oil spills under typhoon weather.关键词
湄洲湾/溢油扩散/水动力模型/台风天气Key words
Meizhou Bay/oil spill dispersion/hydrodynamic model/typhoon weather分类
环境科学引用本文复制引用
陈橙,林宏坤,危闽坚,邓鑫..台风天气下湄洲湾海域溢油扩散数值模拟分析[J].厦门大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,64(3):461-471,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(51809047) （51809047）
福建省自然科学基金(2019J05029) （2019J05029）
