中国动物检疫2025，Vol.42Issue(5)：28-36,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-944X.2025.05.006
H5N1 HPAIV在哺乳动物中的流行事件及相关大流行的风险控制
Epidemic Events of H5N1 HPAIV in Mammals and Associated Pandemic Risk Control Strategies
摘要
Abstract
H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(HPAIV)has spread from avian to several mammalian species around the world.In the paper,cross-species transmission characteristics of H5N1 subtype HPAIV branch 2.3.4.4b in mammals and its pandemic risk were systematically analyzed.Based on three typical cases of H5N1 subtype HPAIV transmission in fur animals(minks and foxes)in Europe,marine mammals(sea lions and dolphins)in South America and dairy cattle in the United States,it was revealed that the virus could break through host barriers and spread through gene recombination(e.g.genotypes BB,B3.2 and B3.13)and acquisition of mammalian adaptive mutations(PB2E627K,Q591K,D701N,M631L,etc.).The virus could spread via milk through mammary tissue tropism in dairy cows,and through a wave-like spread pattern along the American coast in marine mammals,while a risk of spillover at human-animal interface(e.g.contaminated environment or dairy products)had been identified.Numerous studies revealed that three major factors,including novelty of hemagglutinin(HA)antigen,mutations of polymerase adaptation(PB2/PB1/PA)and alteration of HA stability,were required for the virus to trigger a pandemic,while hosts could be expanded by genomic recombination.In the outbreak in dairy cows in the United States,the virus had established a large-scale chain of transmission(involving 989 farms in 17 states),accompanied by 70 cases of human infection(including 41 associated with dairy cows).Therefore,recommendations were proposed,including intensive surveillance,improvement of biosecurity measures,development of vaccines,and further researches on virus transmission mechanisms and pathways,etc.,with a view to providing an important basis and an effective strategy for early warning against any cross-species transmission of H5N1 subtype HPAIV and prevention and control of any pandemic.关键词
H5N1 HPAIV/哺乳动物/大流行/防控Key words
H5N1 subtype HPAIV/mammal/pandemic/prevention and control分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
徐婉旖,张富友,刘朔,彭程,刘华雷,蒋文明..H5N1 HPAIV在哺乳动物中的流行事件及相关大流行的风险控制[J].中国动物检疫,2025,42(5):28-36,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0802404) （2022YFF0802404）
