中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(10)：1958-1968,11.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.10.008
秸秆还田方式对东北黑土氮素矿化和氮循环功能基因的影响
Effects of Residue Return Methods on Nitrogen Mineralization and N-Cycling Functional Genes in Black Soil of Northeast China
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to explore the effects of different residue return methods on nitrogen fractions,nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen-cycling genes in black soil of Northeast China,and to clear the soil nitrogen supply capacity and the change of soil nitrogen cycling gene community structure under long-term residue return.[Method]Based on the long-term experiment of black soil in Northeast China,the residue incorporated into soil(RI)and the residue covered on soil surface(RC)under monoculture maize were selected,with residue removed as control(CK).Nitrogen content in soil fractions were measured,soil nitrogen mineralization incubation was conducted by using leaching incubation at intervals,and fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR)was used to determine the copy number of nitrogen-cycling genes in soil.[Result]After 8-year experiment,compared with CK,RC significantly increased the content of particulate organic nitrogen(PON)(0.21 g·kg-1)and mineral-associated organic nitrogen(MAON)(0.27 g·kg-1)in surface(0-5 cm)soil,whereas RI only increased the content of MAON(0.13 g·kg-1)in soil(P＜0.05).Residue return(RI and RC)markedly increased the microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)in soil by 1.4-2.8 times(P＜0.05),the RI had higher content of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+)and dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),while the RC had the lowest content of nitrate nitrogen(NO3-).In comparison with CK,residue return significantly enhanced soil nitrogen mineralization amount by 25.3%-83.2%(P＜0.05),taking the descending order of RC＞RI＞CK.Residue return remarkably increased the potential of soil nitrogen mineralization(N0)and mineralization rate constant(k)(P＜0.05)by using a first-order reaction kinetics model,both showing the highest values under RC,with N0 and k reached 199.8 mg·kg-1 and 0.31 mg·kg-1·d-1,respectively.Random forest analysis indicated that PON,MBN,and NO3-had greater impacts on N0.In addition,the abundance of nifH,AOB and nirS genes under residue return were enhanced and the abundance of AOA and nirK genes under residue return were declined in comparison with residue removed(P＜0.05),which indicated that residue return could change the structure of soil nitrogen-cycling genes communities.Redundancy analysis(RDA)result showed that the changes of soil microbial community structure were affected by different nitrogen fractions under different residue return methods.[Conclusion]Long-term residue covered on soil surface had the highest organic nitrogen content and nitrogen mineralization potential in soil.It was beneficial to improve soil nitrogen pools and to ensure the supply of nitrogen required for plant growth,which provided greater possibility for reducing the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer in cropland in black soil of Northeast China.关键词
秸秆还田/东北黑土/氮组分/氮矿化/氮循环功能基因Key words
residue return/black soil of Northeast China/nitrogen fractions/nitrogen mineralization/N-cycling functional genes引用本文复制引用
张旸,高燕,张延,黄丹丹,陈学文,张士秀,梁爱珍..秸秆还田方式对东北黑土氮素矿化和氮循环功能基因的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(10):1958-1968,11.基金项目
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20240602008RC)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"黑土粮仓"(XDA28080200)、国家自然科学基金(42371063,42177299)、中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2024M763243) （20240602008RC）
