气候变化研究进展2025，Vol.21Issue(3)：364-372,9.DOI:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.282
我国核能系统生命周期的温室气体排放研究
Greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear power system life cycle in China
摘要
Abstract
Based on life cycle analysis(LCA)method,representative facilities and typical technological processes were selected,new survey data and evaluation parameters were investigated,and the normalized greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions of the current nuclear energy system were calculated.The result was 5.31 g CO2/(kW∙h),with the nuclear power plants account for 27%and nuclear fuel cycle facilities account for 73%.Taking the main pressurized water reactor types(Hualong-1,AP1000,VVER1000,CNP1000,CNP650)as the research subjects,the GHG emissions of nuclear power plants was 1.40(ranging from 0.94 to 1.85)g CO2/(kW∙h).Focusing on nuclear fuel cycle front-end facilities based on CO2+O2 in-situ leaching uranium technology,the integrated process of uranium purification and conversion,and the new generation of centrifugal uranium enrichment technology,the GHG emissions from the front end was 2.18(ranging from 2.01 to 2.59)g CO2/(kW∙h).The GHG emissions from spent fuel reprocessing and waste disposal were 1.71(ranging from 0.68 to 1.91)g CO2/(kW∙h)and 0.02 g CO2/(kW∙h),respectively.China's Double-Carbon(carbon peak and carbon neutrality)policy had promoted energy conservation and consumption reduction across all industries.The average reduction in comprehensive energy consumption for steel and cement had reduced over 9%in the past decade.China's power energy structure had continued to undergo green and low-carbon transformation,with the average carbon emission factor of the national power grid continuously decreasing by about 35%.As a result,the emissions caused by the purchase of electricity or raw materials used in the nuclear energy system had also continued to decrease.Under the goal of carbon neutrality,the nuclear energy system had a further vision of decarbonization.The research on nuclear facilities decommissioning and waste recycling and reuse technologies should be strengthened,and the carbon footprint management should be further improved.关键词
核能系统/核电/生命周期/温室气体排放Key words
Nuclear energy system/Nuclear power/Life cycle/Greenhouse gas emission引用本文复制引用
姜子英,刘森林,龙腾,夏芸,衣英华,张燕齐..我国核能系统生命周期的温室气体排放研究[J].气候变化研究进展,2025,21(3):364-372,9.基金项目
中核集团科技委咨询研究课题(2023) （2023）
中国原子能科学研究院战略研究课题(2024) （2024）
