实验技术与管理2025，Vol.42Issue(5)：82-89,8.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.05.010
桥梁防船撞装置性能评估冲击实验设计
Design of an impact testing system for the performance evaluation of bridge anti-collision devices
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Ship collisions are among the leading causes of damage to river and estuary bridges,where protective devices play a critical role in mitigating impact damage.To deepen the understanding of bridge protective device mechanisms,this study introduces an experimental system designed specifically to evaluate impact dynamics.The impact testing device used to assess protective device performance consists of three main components,namely,a traction drive system,a horizontal impact system,and a testing system.This setup enables the precise measurement and analysis of various protective devices under repeated impact tests,focusing particularly on the effect of polyurethane filling rates on impact resistance.[Methods]In this study,steel-polyurethane composite protective devices were designed,fabricated,and subjected to systematic impact tests.During these tests,data were collected on the time history of impact force,peak impact force,and deformation of the protective devices,providing a detailed assessment of their performance.The experimental data were also incorporated into teaching practices,helping students understand the dynamic behavior and operational principles of composite protective structures.[Results]The results indicated that the polyurethane filling rate significantly affects both the peak impact force and impact duration.During the first impact,filled polyurethane devices exhibited a peak impact force 1.49 times greater than that of unfilled devices.Additional impact cycles further increased the peak impact force but progressively decreased the impact duration.This trend indicates that,with cumulative impacts,the compressed polyurethane stiffens the structure,gradually reducing the energy absorption capacity of the protective device.Variations in the polyurethane filling rates also impact the overall deformation capacity,i.e.,under identical impact energy,a higher polyurethane filling rate resulted in reduced cumulative deformation.For example,without polyurethane filling,the cumulative deformation after two impacts reached 46.5 cm,whereas with polyurethane filling,the cumulative deformation after four impacts was limited to only 13.3 cm.At lower polyurethane filling rates,the device exhibited enhanced nonlinear deformation characteristics under repeated impacts,which improved energy absorption but led to more significant damage to the protective structure.The polyurethane filling rate also significantly influenced the failure mode of the device.Without polyurethane filling,the steel plate experienced buckling failure after the second impact,resulting in a marked reduction in energy absorption capacity.By contrast,with the appropriate polyurethane filling,local buckling at the top of the steel plate was effectively suppressed,reducing structural damage significantly.However,at high-impact energy levels,buckling may still occur at the bottom of the steel plate,ultimately leading to overall failure,which indicates that the polyurethane filling rates should be optimized for specific impact scenarios.[Conclusions]In experimental teaching,the application of these findings through a blend of theoretical and practical approaches not only enhances students'understanding of impact resistance mechanisms in bridge protective devices but also improves their experimental skills and fosters innovative thinking.Through exploration of material properties,mechanical behavior,and design optimization,students gain practical insights into bridge protection technology.This study provides valuable guidance for optimizing bridge protective device designs,especially in scenarios where bridge structures face potential ship collisions.Properly designed polyurethane filling can significantly enhance the impact resistance of protective devices,contributing to the long-term stability and durability of bridge structures.关键词
冲击实验系统/桥梁防撞装置/聚氨酯填充率/撞击力/失效模式Key words
impact testing system/bridge anti-collision device/polyurethane filling rate/impact force/failure modes分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
郭悬,刘畅,康爱红,李波..桥梁防船撞装置性能评估冲击实验设计[J].实验技术与管理,2025,42(5):82-89,8.基金项目
江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20231334) （BK20231334）
中国建设教育协会教育教学科研课题(2023028,2023244) （2023028,2023244）
