摘要
Abstract
Since 1970s,the United States has developed policies,laws and programs based on the concept of payments for ecosystem services and the thought of market economy,and targeting different environmental issues,establishing various environmental offset credit markets based on cap-offset mechanism.In the early 21st century,two kinds of markets for greenhouse gases-carbon offset cred-its and alternative fuels-were established across local,state,regional and national levels,with multiple and concurrent markets for each.There are both experiences got in terms of success or good,and lessons learned in terms of flaws and deficiencies.Comparing with the U.S.,China is more than 40 years late in application of cap-offset mechanism and establishment of related markets,and there are both the same or similar situations as in the U.S.,as well as problems that have arisen.Lessons from the U.S.experience in con-currently operating carbon offset credit markets and alternative fuel markets hold significant implications for China:(i)identifying im-portant eco-environmental issues,and establishing appropriate environmental offset credit markets in a timely manner while paying at-tention to national-wide harmonization;(ii)ensuring synergies between pre-existing and post-existing markets,and maintaining a mod-erately tight initial quota for the compliance market and ensuring homogeneity of traded products;(iii)establishing a single platform or a platform system consisting of multiple compatible platforms,and making coordination among various and concurrent markets,so as to avoid reuse of a same credit.关键词
美国/碳抵销信用/替代燃料/环境抵销信用/市场机制Key words
United States/carbon offset credit/alternative fuel/environmental offset credit/market mechanism分类
政治法律
