山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.45Issue(3)：100-110,11.DOI:10.13842/j.cnki.issn1671-8151.202412006
不同覆盖方式对旱作玉米氮素利用以及土壤硝态氮分布、累积的影响
Effects of different mulching practices on nitrogen utilization in dryland maize and the distribution and accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Nitrogen imbalance caused by high-intensity fertilizer application is a major factor affecting the farmland soil environment.Mulching can inhibit nitrogen leaching and improve crop nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),but the long-term ef-fects of mulching remain understudied.This study aimed to explore long-term mulching and tillage practices that can reasonably enhance NUE and reduce nitrogen leaching in soil.[Methods]Based on a 15-year long-term field experiment in Beiping dryland of Zong’ai Village,Shouyang County,Shanxi Province,this study evaluated six treatments,no mulch(CK),straw mulch be-tween rows(J),conventional plastic film mulch(P),water-permeability plastic film mulch(S),water-permeability plastic film mulch+straw mulch between rows(SJ),and common plastic film mulch+straw mulch between rows(PJ),during the 15th year(2023)of cultivation.The study assessed their effects on spring maize yield,NUE,and the distribution and accumu-lation of soil nitrate nitrogen(NO₃⁻-N).Additionally,interannual changes in NO₃⁻-N distribution under different mulching practices were analyzed at years 0,7,10,and 15 of cultivation.[Results]In the 15th year of spring maize cultivation(2023),maize yield under the six treatments ranked as follows:SJ>S>P>PJ>J>CK.Nitrogen recovery efficiency followed the or-der SJ>S>PJ>P>J>CK,while fertilizer nitrogen contribution rate showed SJ>S>PJ>P>J>CK.Soil nitrogen depen-dence was highest in CK>J>P>PJ>SJ>S,and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer ranked SJ>S>PJ>P>J>CK,indicating that the SJ treatments achieved the highest yield while effectively improving nitrogen absorption efficiency.Among the six treatments,77%～93%of the total accumulated NO₃⁻-N was found below 200 cm,indicating significant nitro-gen leaching.However,the SJ treatment had a lower proportion of NO₃⁻-N accumulation below 200 cm and a smaller total amount than CK.Regarding interannual variations,the peak NO₃⁻-N concentration in the soil profile shifted downward signifi-cantly.Over eight years(from the 7th to the 15th year),the peak NO₃⁻-N depth moved 80～180 cm deeper,with all treat-ments showing a tendency for NO₃⁻-N to leach below 500 cm.At the same time,the SJ treatment exhibited significantly less total NO₃⁻-N migration compared to CK and other mulching treatments.Furthermore,combining NO₃⁻-N migration patterns with precipitation trends revealed that after multiple wet years,the depth of NO₃⁻-N concentrations in the 15th year was sub-stantially deeper than in the 7th and 10th years.[Conclusion]Under consistent fertilizer application rates,long-term mulching practices showed clear advantages in reducing nitrate nitrogen leaching and improving nitrogen use efficiency.Among the mulching methods,wide water-permeability plastic film mulching+straw mulching between rows treatment outperformed oth-ers,significantly improved nitrogen recovery efficiency and nitrogen contribution rate,while reducing soil nitrogen dependency and inhibiting nitrate nitrogen leaching.This approach effectively increase maize yield,offering benefits for optimizing crop pro-duction,environmental protection,and sustainable soil management.关键词
覆盖方式/氮素利用/土壤硝态氮/旱地春玉米/长期定位试验Key words
Mulching practices/Nitrogen utilization/Soil nitrate nitrogen/Dryland spring maize/Long-term located experi-ments分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
高明该,张鹏飞,解文艳,杨振兴,刘志平,贺丽燕,周怀平..不同覆盖方式对旱作玉米氮素利用以及土壤硝态氮分布、累积的影响[J].山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,45(3):100-110,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900503-02) （2023YFD1900503-02）
科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100501) （2021FY100501）
