北京大学学报（医学版）2025，Vol.57Issue(3)：442-447,6.DOI:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2025.03.006
我国10省幼儿园5～6岁儿童近视和近视前期流行特征
Epidemiological characteristics of myopia and pre-myopia among preschool children aged 5-6 years in ten provinces of China
摘要
Abstract
Objective:To describe the prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia among preschool children aged 5-6 years in ten provinces or municipalities(hereinafter referred to as province)of China,and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of myopia,and the allocation of related health re-sources.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select preschool children aged 5-6 years from 21 cities in 10 provinces(including 8 provinces and 2 municipalities)in China.Cycloplegic autorefraction was conducted.The distribution of myopia and pre-myopia was described using frequencies and percenta-ges.The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia between regions with different varying economic development levels and between boys and girls,with a significance level of α=0.05.Results:A total of 12 926 preschool children aged 5-6 years were sur-veyed.The myopia prevalence was 5.5％,and the overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia was 43.4％.Boys had higher rates of myopia and overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia than girls(5.7％vs.5.2％,46.4％vs.40.1％),though the difference in myopia prevalence was not statistical-ly significant.Stratified analysis by the province,there was no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of myopia between boys and girls in any province(P＞0.05),but in 8 provinces,the preva-lence of myopia in boys was slightly higher than in girls.The overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia in boys was higher than in girls across all the 10 provinces,with 5 provinces showing statistically signifi-cant differences(P＜0.05).The investigated areas were divided into two categories,relatively more-developed areas and relatively less-developed areas,based on per capita gross domestic product(GDP).In 6 provinces,there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of myopia between the two categories of areas.In 2 provinces,the prevalence was higher in relatively more-developed areas,and in 2 provinces,it was higher in relatively less-developed areas.In 4 provinces,there was no statisti-cally significant difference in the overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia between the two categories of areas with relatively more-developed and relatively less-developed areas.In 3 provinces,the preva-lence was higher in relatively more-developed areas,and in 3 provinces,it was higher in relatively less-developed areas.Conclusion:The prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia among preschool children aged 5-6 years is relatively high.Boys show higher overall prevalence of myopia and pre-myopia than girls,but there is no significant difference in the prevalence of myopia.There is no consistent association be-tween the level of economic development and the incidence of myopia and pre-myopia in each province.关键词
学龄前儿童/近视/近视前期/散瞳/屈光,眼Key words
Preschool children/Myopia/Pre-myopia/Mydriatics/Refraction,ocular分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
唐孟利,刘扬,秦冉,郭欣,李宏田..我国10省幼儿园5～6岁儿童近视和近视前期流行特征[J].北京大学学报（医学版）,2025,57(3):442-447,6.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2702102)和北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(领军人才-01-09)Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2702102)and the Beijing Municipal Health Commission High-level Public Health Technical Talent Development Project(Leading Talent-01-09) （2021YFC2702102）
